Changing Labor Education For Young Childre

Since 2013,General Secretary Xi Jinping has emphasized the importance of labor and labor education on multiple occasions.The early childhood stage is crucial as the foundation of life,and implementing labor education for young children is highly significant.Previous studies have mainly focused on labor education in higher education levels,with limited research on labor education in early childhood.This study,based on the intergenerational differences perspective,investigates the overview of labor education implemented by grandparents and parents in different generations.Based on relevant theories and policies,the study explores three components of labor education: labor values,labor habits and qualities,and labor knowledge and skills.It examines the differences and causes of labor education implementation by parents from different generations in early childhood and summarizes the impact of labor education implemented by parents from different generations on child development.This study employs a questionnaire survey and interviews as the primary research methods.A self-designed questionnaire based on labor education theories was distributed to parents from different levels of kindergartens in Shanghai through random stratified sampling.A total of 558 questionnaires were collected,with a response rate of 100%,including 450 questionnaires from parents and 108 questionnaires from grandparents.Quantitative analysis using SPSS 26.0 and AMOS26.0 software was conducted for exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis.The questionnaire’s internal structure and model fit were satisfactory.In-depth interviews were conducted with 18 parents,including 9 grandparents and 9 parents,resulting in approximately 50,000 words of interview transcripts.MAXQDA 2022 qualitative analysis software was utilized to generate 380 codes.The results of this study are as follows:First,in terms of differences in labor values education for young children,parents from different generations primarily exhibit characteristics of openness and conservatism.The specific manifestations of intergenerational differences include differences in "labor concepts," "motivation for labor," and "understanding the relationship between labor education and intellectual education."Second,in terms of differences in labor habits and qualities education for young children,parents from different generations primarily display characteristics of delegating and intervening.The specific manifestations of intergenerational differences include differences in "perceptions of labor responsibility" and "tendencies in cultivating qualities."Third,in terms of differences in labor knowledge and skills education for young children,parents from different generations mainly exhibit characteristics of innovation and inheritance.The specific manifestations of intergenerational differences include differences in "sources of implementing labor knowledge and skills education."Fourth,the overall differences in labor education implementation between two generations of parents: parents from the younger generation place more emphasis on the long-term development of young children,while grandparents exhibit a tendency of "emphasizing character over action."Fifth,the causes of intergenerational differences in labor education implementation by parents of young children can be attributed to three factors: at the macro level,the different social contexts in which parents from different generations live;at the meso level,the different educational philosophies upheld by parents from different generations;and at the micro level,the varying family circumstances of parents from different generations.Based on these findings,the study proposes recommendations.At the micro level,a pre-metaphor family education model should be developed based on the Three Metaphor Culture Theory,with fathers as the core and grandparents as the auxiliary,to guide the development of labor education for young children and bridge the intergenerational differences.