Study On Risk Management Of Rural Homestead Circulation For Tourism

At present,rural tourism has become a development mode to promote farmers’income.In order to solve the land problem of rural tourism development,the central and local governments have issued a number of policies to support the active utilization of homestead sites.Many regions have explored new ways of transferring homestead for developing tourism.On the one hand,it has improved the utilization efficiency of homestead and helped farmers diversify their income channels.On the other hand,there are many problems in the process of transferring homestead for tourism,such as disputes,harming farmers’ interests and destruction of the rural landscape.Therefore,under the background of the coexistence of the development and risk,it is of theoretical and practical significance to identify,analyze and prevent and control its risks.Based on the risk management theory,the research framework of "risk identification-formation mechanism analysis-risk assessment-risk prevention and control" is constructed for the risk of transferring homestead for tourism.First of all,using the methods of semi-structured interview and grounded theory,this thesis systematically identifies various risk events and risk sources that farmers and village collective members may face from the four periods of homestead transfer for tourism:before transfer period,transfer transaction period,transfer implementation period and tourism development period,and forms a risk list;Secondly,the interpretive structure model is used to reveal the formation mechanism of various risks and clarify the action path of various risk sources;Thirdly,taking Xiuwu County,Henan Province as a case,this thesis collects data through field visits and questionnaires,and build a risk matrix to calculate the level and importance of various risks;Finally,combining with the key risk events and the formation path of the economic,social,natural and human risks of homestead transfer for tourism,the thesis propose to establish a risk prevention system and risk control mechanism.The main conclusions are as follows:(1)There are four types of risk events for farmers.The first one is economic risk,such as volatile earnings,low returns,inability to share the value-added income of homestead,being behind in payment,being in breach of contract and so on;The second one is social risk,such as disputes,polarization between the rich and the poor,deterioration of public security and compression of living space;The third one is natural risk,such as illegal land occupation,ecological pollution;The last one is cultural risk,such as loss of sense of belonging,reduction of human feelings and disappearance of rural characteristics.(2)The explanatory structure model shows that these risks are mostly caused by policies,farmers and grassroots governments,which are specifically manifested in the lack of relevant legal support for transfer behavior,the lack of risk awareness and policy understanding of farmers themselves,and the lack of supervision by the grassroots government.These root causes then lead to the middle and surface causes,such as irregular transfer procedures and contracts,lack of supervision over tourism capital and inadequate planning,and eventually led to four types of risk events.(3)The result of the case land risk assessment shows that the low returns,the polarization between the rich and the poor,the inability to share the valueadded income of the homestead and being behind in payment are the key risks in the homestead transfer for tourism,which have a great impact and a high probability of occurrence.(4))According to the formation mechanism and key risks of the homestead transfer for tourism,the following countermeasures are put forward:To establish a risk prevention system from the perspective of improving the national laws and regulations of the homestead transfer for tourism,and improve farmers’ risk awareness,and strengthen the supervision of the grass-roots government;To develop a market control mechanism,a social stability mechanism,a nature protection mechanism and a cultural protection mechanism from the risk sources of various risk events.