Research On Comprehensive Evaluation Of Agricultural Efficiency In China Under The View Of Technological Heterogeneity

Up to now,China’s agricultural development has solved the problem of basic grain supply.The demands of the country and its people for agricultural development are no longer limited to "adequate food" and "warm clothing".Instead,they want agriculture to play a more positive role in economic,social,ecological and other fields,to realize the transformation of agriculture from traditional to modern.However,in the process of agricultural transformation,there are still many problems,such as constraints of resource factor endowment,low resource utilization efficiency,resource waste and environmental pollution.The existence of these problems restricts the sustainable development of agriculture and poses a great challenge to the transformation of agricultural modernization.In addition,affected by many factors such as geographical location,resource endowment,economic development level,industrial structure and policy system,the level of agricultural production technology in different regions is not exactly the same,affecting the balanced and coordinated development of agriculture throughout the country.Therefore,how to comprehensively consider the constraints of resources and environment and scientifically evaluate agricultural efficiency from the perspective of technological heterogeneity has important theoretical and practical significance for promoting agricultural balanced,coordinated,green and sustainable development and realizing the transformation of agricultural modernization.In view of this,based on the statistical data of 30 provinces from 1997 to 2019,this paper determines the input and output index system,constructs the relevant efficiency evaluation index,and makes a comprehensive evaluation of agricultural efficiency from the perspective of technological heterogeneity and resource and environmental constraints.The research work of this paper mainly includes two aspects:First,build a comprehensive evaluation and analysis framework of agricultural efficiency under the constraints of resources and environment,comprehensively consider the indicators of input,expected output and unexpected output.Using the non-radial directional distance function to construct the agricultural total factor efficiency and five types of factor efficiency indexes.And comprehensively evaluate the agricultural total factor efficiency and factor efficiency at different levels of the country,region and province from different dimensions such as time and space.Second,under the constraints of technological heterogeneity,the total factor efficiency indices under the common frontier and group frontier were constructed respectively to compare the total factor efficiency gap between the two frontier and analyze the causes.Furthermore,the technology gap ratio index is analyzed to represent the technology gap between the common frontier and group frontier.At the same time,the invalid part of agricultural total factor efficiency was decomposed,and the reasons for the loss of agricultural total factor efficiency were analyzed from the two perspectives of invalid technology gap and invalid management.Finally,it puts forward the ways and directions of improving agricultural total factor efficiency in different provinces.The main conclusions of the empirical analysis are as follows:(1)The total factor efficiency of Agriculture in China is not fully effective,and there is some regional and inter-provincial heterogeneity.At the regional level,the total factor efficiency of agriculture in China mainly decreases from eastern to central and western regions.And at the provincial level,the total factor efficiency of agriculture in different provinces has a significant gap and poor balance.(2)Agricultural labor efficiency,agricultural machinery efficiency,agricultural chemical fertilizer efficiency,agricultural land efficiency and agricultural environmental efficiency have been continuously improved.But there is a certain gap between the efficiency of different factors.Among them,the improvement of agricultural labor efficiency and agricultural environmental efficiency is the largest,the average value is high,and the efficiency of agricultural land is significantly lower than that of other factors.(3)Under the assumption of technological heterogeneity,except for the eastern region,the total factor efficiency of agriculture in the central and western regions under the group frontier technology is generally higher than that under the common frontier technology.(4)The loss of agricultural total factor efficiency in eastern China is mainly caused by ineffective management,while the loss of agricultural total factor efficiency in central and western China is caused by ineffective technology gap and ineffective management.