Study On The Targeting Deviation Of Rural Subsistence Allowances

With the complete victory of the battle against poverty announced by China at the end of2020,the main task in the field of poverty governance in China will be to prevent the people out of poverty from returning to poverty and solve the problem of relative poverty in China.Among them,the first thing is the target positioning and accurate identification of the poor.The number of poor people in rural areas is still large,and the vast majority of poor people are underpinned by the minimum living security policy.Since its promotion and establishment in various places in the early 20 th century,the minimum living security policy has gradually become one of the most important ways of social assistance for poor people in various regions.In the implementation of the rural minimum living security policy,accurately targeting the poverty objects in the vast rural areas is not only an urgent problem in the field of poverty governance,but also has a profound impact on the process of China’s socialist modernization,social equity and social stability in rural areas.Taking the eight administrative villages in Y Town,Jining City,Shandong Province as an example,this paper conducted a questionnaire survey on some low-income families in the eight villages,conducted in-depth interviews with some village cadres,village secretaries and ordinary people,and discussed the targeting of the target objects of the low-income policy in the actual implementation of the eight villages by referring to Smith’s policy implementation model and elite capture theory.In the field investigation,it is found that the common problems in these eight villages are: at the level of policy mechanism,such as the imperfect grading mechanism of minimum living allowance,the disguised average of minimum living allowance payment and the failure of digital targeting tools;At the main level of policy implementation,for example,the minimum living security policy is alienated into a private tool,and the grass-roots minimum living security evaluation process is opaque;In terms of the environment and object of policy implementation,such as the grass-roots people’s unconsciousness of the right of supervision and the poor understanding of the minimum living security policy.At the same time,this paper analyzes the reasons based on the three aspects of the policy implementation model.The formulation of the policy mechanism is not fully combined with the reality,the policy text focuses on reducing the implementation cost,and there are problems of "falling distance" in the development of targeting tools;In terms of the main body of policy implementation,the role conflict of village cadres and the increase of hard index tasks of village committees;The target group is still influenced by the traditional concept of "imperial grace";In terms of implementation environment,the masses are influenced by the bottom line thinking of village interpersonal relations.Based on the analysis of the causes of the above problems,this study probes into the Countermeasures in the above three aspects,and puts forward the implementation of the graded distribution mechanism of the minimum living allowance from the perspective of policy mechanism.We should formulate the policy text in combination with the actual situation,add point-to-point assistance posts,clarify the attributes of the village committee and the role of village cadres,and improve the comprehensive quality of grass-roots cadres,In terms of targeting object and environment,we should establish a correct "view of rights and responsibilities" of the target object and establish a sunshine supervision platform.