| Since the rise of rural tourism in China in the 1950 s,it has experienced three stages of development:germination,rapid development and in-depth promotion.The development of rural tourism has strong policy-oriented characteristics.In order to guide the scientific development of rural tourism,with the development of rural tourism,China has promulgated a variety of policies for rural tourism,which has experienced three stages of policy attachment,policy refinement and policy systematization,forming a diversified policy system of rural tourism.Driven by multiple rural tourism policies,China rural tourism has been continuously improved in quality and has become an important part of China tourism industry.It has achieved income growth,increased employment opportunities,and improved living standards,effectively enhancing the ability of farmers to make sustainable livelihoods.Up to now,there is no research on the impact of different types of rural tourism policies on the sustainable livelihoods of farmers in rural tourism destination.Based on this,this paper will discuss the sustainable livelihoods of farmers in rural tourism destination under the background of multiple policies.Based on the sustainable livelihoods framework,community participation theory and stakeholder theory,and combined with existing research results,this paper takes farmers in rural tourism destination as the research object,and proposes the hypothesis of the influence relationship among multiple rural tourism policies,rural farmers’ livelihood capital and livelihood outcomes,and establishes a related model.Combined with the existing research results and the actual situation of rural tourism development in China,a multi-dimensional rural tourism policy scale(guiding policies,supporting policies,and regulatory policies)and a sustainable livelihoods scale(livelihood capital:natural capital,physical capital,financial capital,social capital,human capital,institutional capital;livelihood outcomes)for rural farmers in rural tourism destination are designed,and a questionnaire was designed based on the scales,and data was collected through field research.Finally,SPSS 25 and AMOS 26 were used for data analysis,descriptive statistical analysis is used to measure the level of livelihood capital of rural farmers in rural tourism destination,the life of livelihood outcomes and the level of perception of multiple rural tourism policies;using independent samples T test and one-way analysis of variance to explore the differences in livelihood capital,livelihood outcomes and perception level of rural tourism policy among different demographic characteristics;validate research hypotheses with structural equation modeling and interpret validation results,and the following research results were finally obtained:(1)In general,the level of livelihood capital of farmers in rural tourism destination is generally average(m=3.35),and the differences between various types of livelihood capital are significant,indicating that the structure of livelihood capital of farmers needs to be further optimized;the level of livelihood results of farmers is high(m=3.91),indicating that farmers are positive about the livelihood results brought about by the development of rural tourism;under the condition of farmers’ perception,the effect of multiple rural tourism policy implementation is good(m=3.80),and the policy implementation effect from high to low is regulatory policy,guidance policy and support policy,but the difference in the implementation effect of each policy is small.(2)There are differences in the level of livelihood capital,livelihood outcomes,and the implementation effects of multiple rural tourism policies perceived by farmers with different demographic characteristics.Differences based on gender,age,and educational attainment were small;differences were significant by occupation,marital status,and primary source of income.(3)In general,multiple rural tourism policies as a whole and each type of policy have a significant positive impact on the livelihood outcomes of rural farmers in rural tourism destination.And the influence intensity of various policies is,from large to small,guiding policies,regulatory policies,and support policies;Overall,multiple rural tourism policies have a significant positive impact on the livelihood capital of rural households in rural tourism destination,but different rural tourism policies have great differences in the impact of different livelihood capital;On the whole,the livelihood capital of farmers in rural tourism destination has a significant positive impact on the livelihood results of farmers,but the natural capital and human capital did not pass the significance test.According to the conclusions of this study,in order to consolidate the sustainable livelihood of farmers in rural tourism destination and make farmers the biggest beneficiaries of rural tourism development,at the policy level,it is necessar y to promote the precise implementation of policies,including making up for existing policy shortcomings,scientifically optimizing existing policies,deeply promote efficient policies;at the government level,we must strengthen the government’s sense of responsibility;at the farmer level,we must guide farmers to take the initiative. |
