Research On The Impact Of US Green Trade Barriers On The Export Of Chinese Aquatic Products To The US

With the increasingly fierce competition in international trade,more countries and regions choose to set up trade barriers to restrict the import of foreign products,so as to protect the development of domestic related industries.The early trade barriers were relatively simple,and tariff barriers were their main forms.In the context of economic globalization and trade integration,it is difficult to deal with the complex and changing global trade situation simply by controlling tariffs or quotas and other traditional means,of which the most representative of green trade barriers,including technical standards and environmental standards,etc.,more involved in animal and plant health,ecological safety,environmental protection,etc.Aquatic products are greatly affected by green trade barriers because of their high requirements on technology and ecological environment in the process of raising seedlings,aquaculture and transportation.China has a relatively high proportion of its aquatic products trade to the US.Affected by Sino-US trade frictions,the rise of unilateralism,and the COVID-19 epidemic,Sino-US trade relations have become increasingly complex.The number of green trade barriers has grown significantly.At the same time,General Secretary Xi Jinping proposed that during the "14th Five-Year Plan" period,China should accelerate the establishment of a "dual circulation" development pattern in which domestic economic cycle plays a leading role while international economic cycle remains its extension and supplement.In view of this,highlighting the advantages of Chinese aquatic products in the global value chain system,making full use of two markets and two resources,strengthening domestic and international aquatic product market trade links,enriching export categories of aquatic products,optimizing the export structure of aquatic products,improving water quality.adding value of product exports,actively responding to the green trade barriers set by the United States on Chinese aquatic products,and realizing the high-quality development of China’s aquatic product trade,are particularly necessary.Based on the Sino-US aquatic product trade data from 2001 to 2020,this paper analyzes the current situation of Sino-US aquatic product trade from two aspects: the global import and export trade of Chinese aquatic products and the export trade to the United States(changes in trade volume and trade structure).According to the HS03 classification standard,the aquatic products are divided into two categories: fish and nonfish,and the CMS model is used to decompose the growth effect of China’s aquatic products exports to the United States into market scale effect,product structure effect and competitiveness effect.On this basis,a classification study of fish and non-fish aquatic products is carried out.Further,on the basis of the previous research,the PPML method is used to empirically analyze the impact of green trade barriers in the United States on the export of Chinese aquatic products to the United States and its different effects on fish and non-fish aquatic products.The results show that:(1)China has become a major trading country of aquatic products,but has not yet developed into a strong trading country of aquatic products.The export of aquatic products still relies on primary products.From 2001 to 2014,the export of aquatic products to the United States showed an upward trend.Affected by factors such as green trade barriers,it began to decline after reaching a peak in 2014.(2)In terms of the market scale effect,from 2001 to 2016,the market scale effect played a role in promoting the export of Chinese aquatic products to the United States,while the expansion of the US aquatic product market scale from 2017 to 2020 did not stimulate the export of Chinese fish and aquatic products to the United States.In terms of product structure effect,the product structure effect of overall aquatic products and non-fish aquatic products was negative from 2012 to 2020,and the product structure effect of fish and aquatic products was negative from 2015 to 2017,which indicates that the structure of Chinese aquatic products exported to the United States does not match the structure of American market demand.In terms of competitiveness effect,the competitiveness effect of Chinese aquatic products exports to the United States was positive during 2001-2011,the competitiveness effects of overall aquatic products and fish aquatic products were both in 2012-2020,and the competitiveness effect of non-fish aquatic products was only positive from 2012 to 2014,indicating that the competitiveness of Chinese aquatic products exports to the United States continued to weaken,especially fish aquatic products.(3)U.S.green trade barriers have a significant negative impact on the export of Chinese aquatic products to the United States.In terms of fish and non-fish aquatic products,the impact is still negative,but the negative impact on the latter is less significant.(4)In terms of control variables,the financial crisis,China’s total aquatic product output,and U.S.per capita net national income have a positive impact on China’s aquatic product exports to the U.S.,while the “Belt and Road” construction and U.S.fish producer prices have a negative impact;the effects are basically the same in terms of fish and non-fish aquatic products.In view of this,this paper puts forward the following countermeasures and suggestions:(1)Under the new development pattern of "dual circulation",we should increase the domestic and international market share of Chinese aquatic products,and focus on expanding the domestic aquatic product market demand while taking into account the international market,so as to promote the great circulation at home.(2)China’s aquaculture industry should develop in a diversified and multi-level manner,enrich the types of export aquatic products,and optimize the structure of aquatic product trade.China should improve the green development system of the aquatic industry according to the content of the green trade barrier notification,enhance the ability to deal with green trade barriers by establishing an early warning mechanism for aquatic product exports,realize the diversification of China’s aquatic product trade,and promote the development of "One Belt And One Road" and other regional trade to cut the green trade barriers on the negative impact of the export of aquatic products in China.(3)Strengthen the research on the American aquatic product market,and fully grasp the information of importing countries.We should increase the added value of aquatic products,optimize the industrial chain of Chinese aquatic products,establish and perfect the pricing mechanism and quality standard supervision system of aquatic products export,and match the international standards in aquaculture,processing and trade of aquatic products,so as to enhance the comprehensive competitiveness of Chinese aquatic products export and expand the international voice of Chinese aquatic products export.