Research On The Influence Of China’s FTA Intellectual Property Rules On Export Trade

In recent years,the global multilateral trading system has been hindered,and the development of the world economy has increasingly turned to regional trade agreements,among which,FTA have grown swift and violent;Meanwhile,With the coming of the era of intellectual economy dominated by intellectual property,the relationship between intellectual property and international trade has become increasingly close,and more and more intellectual property content has been included in the FTA rules.In order to maximize their interests,developed countries that have the right to speak in the field of intellectual property continue to put pressure on developing countries and advance higher standards of intellectual property protection,which have caused a clear trend towards TRIPS-plus in the intellectual property rules in FTA,China’s exports are facing more severe intellectual property trade barriers.At present,existing literature mainly focuses on the impact of intellectual property rules on the entire international trade,lacking a comprehensive analysis of China’s FTA intellectual property rules,especially on China’s export trade.Therefore,it is necessary to study the trade effects of intellectual property rules in China’s FTA on exports,providing new ideas for the development of China’s FTA intellectual property rules,and expanding exports Provide targeted suggestions to promote the innovative development of knowledge intensive industries.This article first reviews the three stages that international rules on intellectual property have gone through,and finds that during this process,the content of international rules on intellectual property has gradually diversified,and the discourse power of developing countries has gradually increased;Then compare China’s FTA with developed countries’ FTA,and find that although the intellectual property rules of China’s FTA gradually have the trend of TRIPS plus,the intellectual property content of each FTA lacks inheritance,and is dominated by soft terms,with weak binding force;To measure the level of intellectual property rights,this article introduces five first level indicators and finds that the "China South Korea FTA","China Switzerland FTA",and "China Australia FTA" follow the "high-level" principle,while there is still a significant gap between other FTAs and high-level intellectual property protection.This article uses China’s export data to 22 FTA countries to analyze the current export situation of China,which is considerable.The export trend of knowledge intensive products remains highly similar to the total export volume;In terms of knowledge intensive products,the export proportion of machinery and transportation equipment is the largest,the proportion of edible goods is the smallest,and the export growth rate of chemical products is the fastest,which is closely related to China’s research and development level and policies;From a country by country perspective,China’s export trade to FTA countries is mainly concentrated in five countries: South Korea,Australia,Malaysia,Vietnam,and Singapore,;Next,the share of China’s export trade is decomposed into expansion margin,quantity margin,and price margin.It is found that the growth of China’s export trade is mainly driven by quantity,while the export trade of knowledge intensive products is mainly driven by product types.On the basis of the above,this paper uses the international production compromise theory and the trade cost theory to analyze that the impact of FTA intellectual property rules on export trade has two opposite effects: market expansion and market power.The market power effect mainly suppresses exports through import substitution and strengthening monopoly power.The market expansion effect mainly promotes exports by expanding market demand and reducing trade costs,Then,based on the above theoretical analysis,a series of research hypotheses are proposed.In order to verify the theoretical hypothesis above,this paper uses the panel data of China’s exports to 19 FTA partner countries from 2005 to 2020 to conduct an empirical test.Through the expanded Gravity model,it is concluded that at present,China does not master key technologies in some fields,and technology upgrading depends on technology spillovers of multinational companies.The strengthening of FTA intellectual property protection not only does not promote exports,but also expands export trade barriers,It has a inhibitory effect on the export trade volume and export quantity,and a promoting effect on the price margin;In further research,it was found that firstly,the inhibitory effect of FTA intellectual property rights on the export volume and quantity of non OECD countries is stronger than that of OECD countries,while the promoting effect on export prices is weaker than that of OECD countries.This may be because countries with more developed economic levels are more willing to consume higher priced goods,but non OECD countries are mostly downstream of the value chain,and their willingness to purchase high priced goods is not strong enough;Secondly,in countries with higher levels of intellectual property protection,export enterprises are more likely to adapt to the intellectual property protection requirements of their host countries.Strengthening intellectual property protection has a greater impact on exports from countries with lower domestic intellectual property protection than those with higher domestic intellectual property protection;Thirdly,due to the inherent characteristics and the development direction of our country’s products,there are also differences in the level of FTA intellectual property rights at the industry level.The above empirical results indicate that Chinese enterprises are still in a disadvantageous position when exporting to FTA countries.Therefore,China should develop a model for FTA intellectual property protection,strengthen cooperation with other developing countries,and actively develop a negotiation system for future FTA intellectual property protection clauses;Enterprises should strengthen their understanding of intellectual property protection,pay attention to intellectual property protection rules,grasp changes in market supply and demand,improve production and research and development capabilities,and improve the conversion rate of achievements.