The Impact Of Biased Technology Progress On Green Total Factor Productivity Growth Of Wheat

The Party’s twenty Major report mentioned China’s great achievement of "total grain production ranking first in the world",and wheat,as one of the main grains in China,plays a pivotal role in food security.In order to "put the rice bowl in the hands of the Chinese people",we must attach importance to wheat production.The achievement of continuous rapid growth of crop output is made at the cost of sacrificing precious ecological resources.As we enter a new stage of high-quality economic development in the 14 th Five-Year Plan,the focus of high-quality development of agricultural economy gradually shifts to resource-saving and environment-friendly food production driven by the growth of green total factor productivity(GTFP),and partial technological progress as an important engine driving green production has been widely concerned by the academic circle.Therefore,It is of great practical and theoretical significance to scientifically measure the biased technical progress of Chinese wheat and analyze the growth mechanism of wheat green total factor productivity from this perspective for realizing the growth of Chinese wheat green total factor productivity under the background of high-quality economic development.The main contents and conclusions of this paper are as follows:The first part is the introduction.By analyzing the cost behind our traditional grain production mode,the author draws out the research significance and goal of this paper,and concludes and comments the literature around the main body of this paper.The second part is the theoretical basis and concept definition.The definition and theoretical basis of green total factor productivity and biased technological progress are expounded.The third part is the construction of wheat standardized supply surface system model.The Kmenta approximation technique was used to carry out Taylor expansion of CES production functions of three factors of wheat capital,labor and energy,and the wheat GTFP growth function including biased technical progress index was obtained.Based on this,the thesis was put forward,and the standardized supply side system equations were constructed and the index data were described:(1)At the national level,during the sample study period,the wheat labor input showed a trend of continuous decline,the capital input showed a trend of slow increase,and the energy input showed a fluctuation trend of first increasing and then decreasing;The prices of the three factors show an upward trend on the whole.(2)From the provincial level,the change of factor input in most regions is consistent with the overall situation of the country,but the change of factor prices in different regions is very different,which reflects the imbalance of various resource endowments owned by various regions and the insufficient flow of resources between regions,leading to the inconsistency of factor price changes in different regions.The fourth part is to examine the influence mechanism of biased technology progress on wheat GTFP growth.Firstly,the parameters of the standardized supply surface system model of wheat were estimated using the non-linear seemingly uncorrelated method(Nlsur).Secondly,the biased technological progress index was obtained by substituting the estimated parameters into the formula,and then the biased technological progress direction was identified.Then,the variation trend of wheat GTFP growth rate during sample investigation was analyzed.Finally,the effect decomposition and mechanism test of wheat GTFP growth rate were carried out.The empirical conclusions are as follows:(1)In the process of wheat production,the substitution elasticity of capital,labor and energy factors is greater than 1,indicating that wheat,as a food crop,has strong substitution among different production factors.(2)The growth rate of China’s wheat capital,labor and energy enhanced technology progress is positive but in a downward trend,indicating that the improvement of China’s wheat production capacity may be the bottleneck period under the current resource allocation level,leading to a slow growth of wheat production efficiency under the current conditions.At the provincial(regional)level,special attention should be paid to the low energy utilization efficiency in the southwest and northwest dominant areas and the trend of continuous deterioration.(3)The factor bias characteristics of the overall technological progress of wheat in China were labor,energy use and capital saving,indicating that compared with the input of labor and energy factors,capital factors were relatively scarce and the utilization efficiency was lower.In view of the result of bias at provincial level,although the degree of bias in different provinces,the labor factor is still the abundant factor in most areas of our country,and the demographic dividend still exists.(4)The average annual growth rate of wheat GTFP in China was 0.380,indicating that the green production efficiency of wheat in China was in a positive state during the investigation period,but the growth rate was decreasing year by year.At the provincial level,the green production efficiency of wheat in all provinces also showed positive growth,but the growth rate was different.(5)During the sample period,the direct effect(E1)of factor enhanced technology progress rate contributed 81% to wheat GTFP growth,which was the dominant driving force for wheat GTFP growth in China.The synergistic effect(E2)of biased technology progress and factor deepening level contributed 22.4% to the positive growth of wheat GTFP,and was the secondary force for the growth of wheat GTFP,indicating that biased technology progress and factor deepening level had good coordination.The synergistic effect of biased technology progress and factor efficiency(E3)negatively inhibited the growth of wheat GTFP with the influence of-3.4%.The results indicated that the technical progress of wheat bias was poorly adapted to the structure of factor efficiency.The fifth part is the research conclusion and policy recommendations.According to the empirical results of this paper,the following policy suggestions are put forward to promote the improvement of green total factor productivity of wheat in our country:(1)To optimize the circulation environment of factors of wheat production;(2)Improve the human capital level of wheat production;(3)Increase the share of capital factor input in wheat production;(4)To strengthen the construction of environmental regulation during wheat production;(5)Strengthen the technological innovation and popularization of wheat production.