| As the global economy enters the digital era,a large number of emerging digital technologies such as artificial intelligence,cloud computing and blockchain have emerged and continuously penetrated into the industrial scene.Digital transformation of manufacturing industry has become an irresistible trend.Specifically,Digital technology and digital elements can be applied to all links of the manufacturing industry chain,and then enable the transformation and upgrading of the manufacturing industry through automation and intelligent transformation.In addition,digital network platforms can break regional restrictions,connect supply-side and demand-side information,effectively cut trade costs and lower the threshold for manufacturing to participate in international division of labor.It has become an international consensus that the digital transformation of the manufacturing industry is an important driver for enhancing the competitiveness of the manufacturing industry and the overall national strength in the new era.Major economies in the world have accelerated the pace of industrial digitalization.China,the United States and other countries have issued economic strategies to encourage the digital transformation of manufacturing industry.Although digital transformation of manufacturing industry has been widely practiced in production,academic research in the corresponding field is still in the exploratory stage.In the context of increasingly fierce international trade competition,it remains to be further discussed whether the manufacturing industry can improve its international competitiveness and upgrade the GVC through digital transformation.Based on the above background,this paper firstly summarizes the research in related fields,and then analyzes the multiple influencing mechanisms of digital transformation on the upgrading of the GVC of the manufacturing industry.Secondly,this paper uses the digital economy development level at the national level and the digital investment level at the industry level to construct a comprehensive indicator to measure the digitalization level of each manufacturing industry in major countries around the world.This paper also uses the WWYZ method to measure quantitative indicators related to the GVC of each manufacturing industry in the international division of labor in major economies.Thirdly,this paper uses cross-country panel data of 18 industries in 42 countries from 2008 to 2014 to construct an empirical model,and conducts an empirical test through multidimensional fixed-effect regression.Finally,combined with the results of theoretical analysis,trend analysis and empirical test,the policy enlightenment of China’s layout of manufacturing transformation and upgrading strategy is obtained.The core conclusions of this paper are as follows: Firstly,the manufacturing industry of developed countries in Europe and the United States has occupied the high value-added production link of the GVC for a long time,controlling the dominant power and discourse power of the international division of production.In addition,the digitalization of manufacturing in developed countries is far ahead of that in developing countries.This shows that for developing countries,it is still an urgent issue to explore the optimal path of manufacturing transformation and get rid of the dilemma of being at the bottom of the industrial chain.Secondly,digital transformation can effectively promote the upgrading of manufacturing GVC.Specifically,the introduction of digital technology,data elements and digital infrastructure promotes the expansion of manufacturing’s participation,the rise of embedded position and the improvement of value-added capacity in the GVC.Thirdly,different countries and different manufacturing industries have benefited from digital transformation to varying degrees.In terms of different countries,the promotion effect of digital transformation on manufacturing GVC upgrading in developed countries is significantly better than that in developing countries.This is because developed countries have strong technical strength,perfect industrial system and complete institutional environment,so that the manufacturing industry in developed countries face fewer obstacles in the process of promoting digital transformation,and digital factors can give full play to the productivity stimulation effect of manufacturing industry.This conclusion essentially provides a reference for the future industrial digitalization path of developing countries.In terms of different industries,low-technology manufacturing and medium-technology manufacturing can more effectively enhance the added value of products through digital transformation,get rid of the dependence on foreign intermediate products,and realize the optimization and upgrading of industrial structure and the rise of GVC division.In addition,under the spider value chain participation mode,the manufacturing industry can more effectively improve coordination efficiency through digital transformation,reduce trade costs,and achieve GVC upgrading.This means that each country and each manufacturing industry should focus on its own characteristics and promote digital transformation in an orderly and focused manner. |
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