Research On The Influence Of Income Quality And Risk Expectation On Farmers’ Willingness To Withdraw Residential Land

With the deepening development of industrialization and urbanization,a large number of rural people have flocked to the cities,and the resident population in rural areas has decreased significantly,but the area of rural residential land has increased instead of decreased.At present,there are a large number of idle residential bases in some rural areas of China,a small number of people living on residential land per unit area,as well as the phenomenon that the area of residential land of some farmers exceeds the standard,and there is a problem of waste of rural land resources.Land is the mother of wealth,the foundation of development,the basis of people’s livelihood and ecology,and as an important part of rural land,the use of residential bases has also received national attention.The state has repeatedly pointed out that it should"safeguard the right to contract land,the right to use residential land and the right to distribute collective income of farmers who have settled in cities,and support and guide them to transfer these rights and interests voluntarily and for compensation according to the law".In the report of the 20 th National Congress of the Communist Party of China,it was pointed out that we should "deepen the reform of the rural land system and give farmers fuller property rights and interests".2023 Central Document No.1pointed out that we should "actively revitalize the stock of collective construction land in rural areas,prudently promote the reform of the rural residential land system on a pilot basis,and explore the possibility of the residential land The ’three rights of separation’ effective form of realization.It can be seen that how to promote the withdrawal of rural households from residential land and improve the efficiency of rural land use has become an urgent problem for society.Farmers,as one of the main subjects of home base withdrawal,face the risks of unemployment,higher cost of living and displacement after withdrawing from residential land.And some farm households are less willing to quit their residential land because of their low income quality and insufficient ability to resist risks.Therefore,it is important to study the influence of income quality and risk expectation on farmers’ willingness to withdraw from their residential land,in order to improve the income quality of farmers,reduce the risk expectation of land withdrawal,improve farmers’ willingness to withdraw from residential land,and realize the economical and intensive use of rural land.Based on the existing research results,this study firstly defines the concepts of income quality and risk expectation,and combines the theories of equity and efficiency and finite rational economic man.Based on the research data of Haiyuan County,Zhongwei City,Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region,this study analyzes the basic situation of the sample farmers’ housing utilization and willingness to quit their residential land,and provides an overview of the basic situation of population and economic development in the study area.Summarize the current problems of residential land withdrawal.Secondly,we constructed the index system of income quality and risk expectation of farmers,determined the index weights using the entropy method,measured the income quality of farmers and the risk expectation index of exiting homestead bases,and analyzed the characteristics of both.Again,a binary logit model was used to empirically test the influence of farmers’ income quality and risk expectation on the willingness to quit the homestead,and a robustness test was conducted using the Probit model.Finally,the moderating effect of income quality in the relationship between risk expectation and farmers’ willingness to quit residential land was tested.The results show that(1)income quality significantly contributes to farmers’ willingness to quit residential land,and the dimensions of farmers’ income stability and knowledge have significant effects on farmers’ willingness to quit residential land.(2)Risk expectation has a significant negative effect on farmers’ willingness to quit residential land,and treatment,economic and residential risk expectations have significant effects on their willingness to quit their residential land.(3)Income quality has a positive moderating effect on the relationship between farmers’ risk expectation and willingness to quit residential land.Based on the findings of the study,suggestions were made to help farmers achieve transfer employment,invest in human capital,help farmers achieve employment near their homesteads,combine compensation for homestead withdrawal with social security and guarantee farmers’ basic livelihood after residential land withdrawal.