Analysis Of The Formation Mechanism Of Pro-poor Cooperatives From The Perspective Of Actor Networks

The report of the National Congress of the People’s Republic of China put forward the following proposals: comprehensively promote rural revitalization,give priority to the development of agriculture and rural areas,consolidate and expand the achievements of poverty alleviation,accelerate the building of an agricultural powerhouse,and steadily promote the revitalization of rural industries,human resources,culture,ecology and organizations.To consolidate and expand the achievements of poverty alleviation requires the support of policies,external public resources,and endogenous organizations of village communities,etc.Therefore,as the carrier of rural organization for resource injection by the government to achieve the goal of rural revitalization,cooperatives play a key role in comprehensively promoting the practice of rural revitalization.Because of its essential attributes,cooperatives have natural functions of benefiting poverty and reducing poverty.To achieve targeted poverty alleviation,it is necessary to further play the role of farmers’ cooperatives such as rural endogenous organizations.In 2023,the No.1 Central document proposed to "further develop new agricultural business entities,encourage the mode of ’cooperatives +farmers’,and open up a path for farmers to increase their income".However,in reality,the polarization within rural areas makes it difficult for general measures to improve the income of vulnerable groups due to "elite capture".Elite members use the shell of cooperatives to exploit the profits of ordinary members and even occupy public funds.With the phenomenon of "elite capture",the income control of cooperatives is in the hands of a few elite members,and the income control of collective members is greatly weakened.From the point of view of the purpose of state support for cooperatives,"elite capture" weakens the benefit of poverty of cooperatives,damages the interests of ordinary members,makes ordinary members lose the control of earnings,and is not conducive to the realization of common prosperity.Therefore,how to realize the profit control of cooperatives from elite members to ordinary members is a realistic problem.The reason why it is difficult for ordinary members to control the income distribution is that elite members provide key factors of production such as capital,contacts and social resources for the development of cooperatives,and thus occupy a relative majority of the income control of cooperatives,while ordinary members only have a small amount.Secondly,public resources can not provide effective support and regulation for cooperatives.As a result,the control of the earnings of cooperatives is heavily skewed towards elite members.In practice,it is found that the poverty-benefiting cooperatives established by L village of S Town and F village of P town have remarkable results in promoting prosperity and protecting the interests of common members.Based on the actor network theory,this paper attempts to analyze two typical cases of poverty-benefiting cooperatives in L village of S Town and F village of P town through case analysis,field investigation,case study and interview,and explore the formation mechanism of the development of such cooperatives from a theoretical perspective.The following conclusions are drawn: first,external public resources provide strong support for the development of cooperatives;Secondly,the ownership structure and income distribution mechanism can realize the transfer of income control from "elites" to farmers.Thirdly,the nature of party branch leadership and the villagers’ political trust to the leaders of cooperatives are the important basis for promoting the formation of poverty-benefiting cooperatives.Fourth,the benefits of cooperatives strengthen political trust and promote resource integration;Fifth,consultation mechanism and supervision mechanism are the guarantee of sustainable development of cooperatives.Based on the research conclusion,the paper puts forward the prospect of sustainable development of poverty-benefiting cooperatives:first,give full play to the universality of public resources and strengthen the prevention of poverty alleviation and return to poverty;The second is to innovate the system of personnel selection and build an elite reform mechanism;Third,strengthen the empowerment of farmers and activate rural endogenous development.