Research On Urban Digital Planning Based On Spiral Model

Now, urbanization is developing more rapidly in China than has done in other countries. In this urbanization wave, traditional methods of urban planning and management cannot meet the requirement of rapid development of urban. Moreover, the global information wave also require that urban planning methods must been evolved by information. Due to lack of information, the traditional means of urban planning has resulted seriously that it is not very scientific and adaptable. Digital planning is birth on the tip of intersection of China urbanization wave and global information wave.Urban planning is one of fields in which GIS has been applied most early. From late 1980 to now, the GIS-based information construction of urban planning has acquired more development, but being lack of systemic research on theory and methods of digital planning, it faces much problems too. So, an important research task in Ten Five, the digital engineering of urban planning & management & construction & service, is planned by Ministry of construction P.R.C. In a shot, the experiment of information construction in the field of urban planning in the past more than ten years, make clear that it is time to solve the theory and method of urban planning information system.This dissertation aims at the eager requirement of development of theory and methods on urban planning in information times, after reviewing the status quo of urban planning information construction, based on systemic approach and cybernetics and information theory, gives a Spiral Model describing the dynamical process of urban planning. Then, taking the Spiral Model as an antetype, systematically discusses the fundamental of digital planning, and describes its framework, researches on digital methods of main parts of urban planning spiral process. All are summarized as follows:(1)After reviewing the development history of theory on urban planning, this dissertation expatiates on the deep theory revolution of current urban planning which is centered on dynamical planning. Applying the spiral model in the field of software engineering, we describe the dynamical process of urban planning, and give a dynamical spiral model for urban planning. In the model, the process of urban planning divides into 6 sub-process, which are ensuring aims and collecting information and analyzing information and making plans and administration and monitoring and so on.(2) After analyzing the status quo of urban planning information construction, applying systemic engineering and cybernetics and information theory so on, we give a model framework of urban dynamical planning based on urban planning dynamical spiral model.(3)Aiming at that data is the base of digital planning, this dissertation analyses type and source of urban planning data, considers the fundamental spatial data, which is consisted of current data and planning design data, is main part of urban planning data. The sticking pointwhich current data and planning design data can not meet the need of GIS and digital planning is pointed out, moreover, the integration methods for muiti-sources and heterogeneous platforms in digital planning are given.(4)The production flow of urban fundamental geographic data is analyzed, and the opinion that topographic map data must meet the need of both traditional cartography and GIS, is pointed out. Now the database of large scale topographic maps is oriented to two ways. The first way emphasizes digital surveying& mapping that can satisfy the traditional cartography but not the information extracted and application for GIS. The second way focuses on GIS, but is difficult to satisfy the traditional cartography. This contradiction leads to that two versions data are produced for both traditional cartography and GIS. We analyze the reason of the contradiction. A new data model that can satisfy both cartography and GIS is considered a main way to solve the problem. The structure of symbols of large scale topographic maps is analyzed deeply with OO analysis & design method, and a new oriented-symbol data model is given. By experience, it can satisfy the double demands of traditional cartography and GIS, can exchange data to geographic database and topographic database by collecting data for only once. Moreover, taking Shantou fundamental geographic information system as a sample, we research on the methods and process cartographic data renovation for GIS thematic map.(S)After analyzing the characteristics of planning models, we consider that planning models are complex, spatial, dynamical and grey. Then, we summarize urban dynamical models which are hotspot in the fields of related fields, and specially study the characteristics and defects of system dynamic (SD) and cell automata (CA).(6)It is pointed out that urban is a typical grey system. For this, we apply grey system theory to urban planning prediction, and attempt to expand it from time list to space list, then give a grey spatial dynamical extended model SGM(1,1). It is testified that the extended model can predict or evaluate the spatial forces among spatial objects.(7)The intension of Decision Support System for Urban Planning (DSSUP) is analyzed, and functions of DSSUP are summarized. It is considered that DSSUP can combine quantitative analysis and qualitative analysis, is the most efficient method of research on urban planning. After the framework of DSSUP based on GIS is given, the structure of base model of urban planning is introduced, the urban planning model standardization is studied from three aspects which are model expression and mode classification system and model dictionary. Finally, the new mode classification system based on areal way is given.(8)The importance of examine-approve in digital planning is expatiated on, the intension and characteristics of urban planning office automation are studied. It is considered that urban planning OA is a picture-document office system based on GIS in nature, is charactered of 4 points, which are picture and document being both important, and picture linked to document each other, and picture-document closely integrated. The planning OA is consisted of four parts, which are case administration and case examine-approve and public service and system maintenance. Finally, the structure of e-government is introduced, and function components ofurban planning in the framework of e-government are researched on.(9)After analyzing key technologies of urban planning OA, we give a method for integrating G1S/MIS based on component G1S, also give a way to develop integrated system based on component library of GIS. Then Intranet-based integrated framework of GIS/OA is provided. Finally, an Intranet-based picture-document OA is designed.(10)With deep development of digital planning, the office automation of urban planning is transiting to collaborative decision support system. The origin background of collaborative spatial decision support system is analyzed, then conceptual framework of collaborative spatial decision support system based on workflow is given, the methods and process of technique realization are described, in which decision model in workflow and spatial databases and method of modebase administration are specially described.(ll)We describe the components of after-planning administration, and analyze the existing problems in current. It is considered that laws and administration and public participation and related technologies are the main factors that restrict after-planning administration in our country. The structure of technology system ensuring for after-planning is given, in which analyser and predictor and processor are specially studied.Finally, we summarize the new findings among the above investigation, and envision some of valuable issues for further researches in the future.