| In the context of China's economic transformation,the transformation of major social contradictions and the coming year of building a moderately prosperous society in an allround way,the high-quality development of tourism is not only related to economic growth,but also to people's well-being.However,low efficiency and high carbon emission are two major obstacles to the high-quality development of tourism.The opening of high-speed rail has brought a lot of positive effects to the tourism industry.The existing literature has fully studied the impact of high-speed rail on the tourism industry from many aspects.At the same time,the impact of high-speed rail on regional production efficiency and green development has attracted academic attention,but there is no relevant literature to study the impact of high-speed rail on tourism production efficiency or green development.Therefore,this paper combines production efficiency with green development to study the impact of high-speed rail on the green production efficiency of tourism.First of all,this paper uses the data of 31 provinces in China from 2003 to 2016 to measure the green production efficiency of tourism and its subdivisional industries by using the SBM undesirable model considering carbon emissions.Then,it uses the panel Tobit model to test the direct impact of high-speed rail on the green production efficiency of tourism and its subdivisional industries.Then,it uses the panel Tobit model and quantile regression to test the heterogeneity of high-speed rail's impact on tourism and its subdivisional industries.Finally,this paper uses the intermediary effect model to test the mechanism of the business environment in the process of high-speed rail affecting the green production efficiency of tourism and its subdivisional industries.The results show that:(1)Ignoring environmental factors will overestimate the calculation results of tourism production efficiency,that is,ignoring environmental factors will not reflect the real performance of tourism.By region,the efficiency of green production scale considering carbon emission in eastern provinces is higher than that without carbon emission,which shows that intensive development of tourism industry has achieved initial results.In terms of industry,the calculation results of scenic spots are most affected by environmental factors,which shows that scenic spots are most prominent in energy waste and environmental pollution.(2)High speed rail has a significant positive impact on the comprehensive efficiency and pure technical efficiency of green production in tourism and its subdivisions,but no significant positive impact on the scale efficiency of green production,and even a significant negative impact on the scale efficiency of green production in star hotels and scenic spots.The main reasons why high-speed rail does not promote the scale efficiency of tourism are "excessive competition","resource mismatch" and "aisle effect".(3)The influence of high-speed railway on green production efficiency of star rated hotels of different grades is heterogeneous.For example,the highspeed railway does not promote the comprehensive green production efficiency of fivestar hotels.(4)The opening of high-speed rail has a positive role in promoting the green production efficiency of tourism in the central and western regions,but it does not exist in the eastern region.On the one hand,the role of high-speed rail in promoting the green production efficiency of tourism in the eastern region has decreased marginal benefits;on the other hand,the opening of high-speed rail has made part of the tourist market and industrial elements in the eastern region transferred to the central and western regions.However,the empirical results of the travel agency industry show that high-speed rail has a positive impact on the comprehensive green production efficiency and pure technical efficiency in the East and central regions,but not in the West.On the one hand,the opening of high-speed rail mainly affects the group agencies,and specially the group agencies in the East and central regions with a better market environment.On the other hand,high-speed rail can promote the development environment of travel agencies in the eastern and central regions,but not in the western regions.(5)From the perspective of tourism industry as a whole,the promotion effect of high-speed rail on the areas with high efficiency is less than that of the areas with medium efficiency.The main reason is that the development of tourism industry is in a bottleneck period,and even the opening of high-speed rail can not bring breakthrough changes.Moreover,this phenomenon has been reflected in the pure technical efficiency of green production in three subdivisions,which shows that there are "technical bottlenecks" in the three major subdivisions of tourism industry.(6)In the tourism industry as a whole,high-speed rail can improve the green production efficiency of the tourism industry by improving the operating environment(including market environment,service environment and innovation environment).However,in terms of industries,service environment,market environment and innovation environment have no intermediary role in the process of high-speed rail affecting the green production efficiency of travel agencies,star hotels and scenic spots.The innovation of this paper mainly includes the following four aspects.(1)The impact of high-speed rail on the green production efficiency of tourism was found.It not only expands the research scope of tourism related fields,enriches the research on the influencing factors of tourism production efficiency,takes the green production efficiency as the foothold,provides the industry level empirical evidence for the impact of highspeed rail on green development,and provides reference for the regional tourism green development and the optimization of high-speed rail planning and layout.(2)It finds out the mechanism function of operation environment(including market environment,service environment and innovation environment)in the impact of high-speed rail on the green production efficiency of tourism,which not only deepens the relevant research on the relationship between high-speed rail and tourism,but also provides more specific direction for all regions to develop tourism in the era of high-speed rail.(3)This paper reveals the heterogeneous influence of high-speed rail on different industries,regions and regions with different efficiency levels,which can answer the question whether the influence of high-speed rail on the production efficiency of tourism is universal,which is helpful to promote the development of tourism reasonably and effectively.(4)Using the SBM undesirable model,which considers both production and domestic carbon emissions,to measure the green production efficiency of tourism and its main sub sectors,not only helps the government and enterprises to make more effective and accurate decisions,but also conforms to the green development trend of tourism. |
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