| ObjectivesSince Frank had gave the definition of "essential hypertension" in 1911, hypertension had been the most familiar disease to harm the people's health, also had been the global biggest public health problem at present. 50% cardiovascular diseases (CVD) were caused by hypertension, the ratio of hypertension in currently global disease burden was 4.5%. It was estimated that there were 972 millions hypertensive patients in the world now, the number would be 1.56 billions in 2025. Our country had carried on national-wide sampled survey on hypertension in over 15 years old people for three times, the prevalence rates of hypertension for 1958~1959, 1979-1980 and 1991 were 5.11%, 7.73%, and 11.26%, respectively. These data indicated a significant increasing prevalence trend of hypertension in China.Angang community was the surveyed field, which belonged to a large state-owned industrial corporation. It located at the suburb of Anyang city, Henan province. Moreover, its population was stable, it was one of the national chronic disease prevention and control base. The purpose of this study was to describe and analyze the relative risk factors of hypertension, the status of hypertension prevalence, awareness, treatment and control, participant's knowledge, attitude, behavior toward hypertension, the complications of hypertension in Angang community residents aged over 40 years old. Eventually, we provided the strategy and measurement toprevent and control hypertension.MethodsThe investigation adopted cluster stratified sampling in six living areas of Angang community to select the study participants, finally, the fourth living area was surveyed. The surveyed population was the residents over 40 years old and lived more than 5 years in the community. We Collected data by questionnaire interview (demographic characteristics, individual disease history, family history and behavior risk factors), anthropometric measurements (height, WC, hip circumference, weight, blood pressure, electrocardiogram) and laboratory examination (FPG, 2-Hpg, TC, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C, VLDL-C, ApoAl, ApoB). We Used cross-sectional study and case-control study (hypertensive patients as cases, others as control group) to analyze prevalence rate% awareness rateN treatment rateN control rate of hypertension and the risk factors and complications of hypertension in this community. Correlation and regression analysis were used for numerical data analysis, and Chi-Square test and trend test were employed for categorical data, multiple regression analysis and logistic regression analysis were used to screen independent significant risk factors of hypertension, the size of test was 0.05.Results1 Overall, 1789 persons (738 males and 1051 females) were surveyed, the responsion rate was 96.70%. The crud prevalence rate of hypertension was 49.25%, and the age-adjusted rate was 45.34% by the population data of 2000 in China. The prevalence rate of hypertension in males was 53.93%, that in females was 45.96%. The prevalence rate of males was higher than that of females. However, the development of hypertension prevalence rate in females was faster than in males, the ratio of average increasing of hypertension prevalence in males was 8.24%, the ratio in females was 29.44%. To classify blood pressure according to JNC-7, the ratio of prehypertension was the highest in males and females, got to 37.13% in males and36.63% in females.2 Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the risk factors of hypertension were BMI (OR=1.78), age (OR=1.06), family history (OR=1.96), dyslipoproteinemia (OR=1.64), coronary heart disease (OR=2.00)n sex (OR=1.31), mainwork (OR=1.46), diabetes (OR=1.46), alcohol consumption (OR=1.31). Among these risk factors, BMI and age were the most important risk factors to hypertension. To analyze all factors with multiple linear regression, The results were: (1) SBP : ten variables entered the model, they were age, BMI, family historyN dyslipoproteinemia, stroke, education level, diabetes, race, CHD, work intensity. (2) DBP: eight variables entered the model, they were BMI, sex, family history, dyslipoproteinemia, age, stroke, smoking, alcohol consumption. (3) MAP: eight variables entered the model, they were BMI, age, family history, dyslipoproteinemia, sex, stroke, education level, smoking.3 Isolated systolic hypertension (ISH) prevalence rate of males was 13.14%, that of females was 18.84%. After adjusted sex, the risk factors of ISH were education level, marital status, diabetes, dyslipoproteinemia , stroke, coronary heart disease, work intensity, exercise, alcohol consumption, BMI and WC. What' more, there were a significant trend relationship between ISH prevalence rate and education level, BMI.4 To analyse the result of laboratory examination with multiple linear regression. SBP, DBP, MAP as dependent variables, the indexes of laboratory examination as independent variables (included age). The results were: (1) SBP: four variables entered the model, they were age, FPG, LDL-C, ApoB. (2) DBP: three variables entered the model, they were Age, LDL-C, ApoB. (3) MAP: four variables got into the model, they were Age, FPG, LDL-C, ApoB.5 There were 166 (18.84%) hypertensive patients with diabetes, 546 (61.98%) hypertensive patients with dyslipoproteinemia, 51 (5.79%) hypertensive patients with stroke, 180 (20.43%) with CHD. All of these complications in hypertensive patients were higher than people with normal blood pressure. The ratio of hypertension withdyslipoproteinemia was the highest, and then were CHD> diabetes and stroke.6 The awareness rate of synthesized hypertension knowledge in males was 25.88%, that in females was 21.69%. The awareness rate of synthesized hypertension knowledge in males and females were gradually increased with the development of education level, but that in females was faster. There was 14.09% persons never had measured blood pressure in surveyed residents, 16.49% persons hadn't measured blood pressure in recent one year, only 51.87% persons had measured in recent three months. The ratio of never had measured blood pressure in males was 11.79%, the ratio in females was 15.70%, the ratio of had measured in recent three months in males was 54.88%, the ratio in females was 49.76%.7 The ratio of A-type behavior in residents was 56.14%, there was 58.12% in males and 54.61% in females. After adjusted sex, the ratio of A-type behavior was gradually decreased with the development of age. However, there was no significant relation with hypertension.8 The awareness rate of hypertension was 62.43%, the treatment rate was 49.38%, and control rate was 13.51% in hypertensive patients. The awareness rate, treatment rate and control rate of hypertension in 398 hypertensive patients of males were 65.08%, 50.00% and 13.07%; These in 483 hypertensive patients of females were 60.25%, 48.86% and 13.87%. After x test, there was no significant difference between males and females, likewise, there also was no significant difference in various age groups after adjusted sex.Conclusion1 Study shows that the prevalence rate of hypertension in this survey is higher than the surveyed results of 1989 and 1998 in Angang community, which implies a significant increased trend in the community. After classify blood pressure according to JNC-7, the ratio of prehypertension is the highest in males and females. For prehypertension, we can decrease blood pressure and avoid becoming hypertension by adjusting life style in time. Therefore, we should put more attention to focus onhealthy adjusting of life style.2 Multivariate analysis shows that obesity is the most important risk factor of hypertension. Effective strategies for primary prevention of obesity should be introduced. BMI is better than WC to predict hypertension, when we detect hypertension with BMI and WC together, which would be better.3 The results of study testify that elder people easily get ISH, the increasing of SBP in elder people is primary risk factor to CVD, as a result, SBP should be an important index to predict CHD and stroke.4 Study points out that glycemia and dyslioproteinemia had closed relationship with hypertension. Special treatment plan should be thought for individual to decrease blood pressure and correct decompensation.5 Less people know hypertensive knowledge, the condition in surveilling and controlling blood pressure also was awful. Therefore, we suggest to strengthen health education and improve the prevention, examination and treatment conditions of hypertension.
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