| Objective: To understand the status of hypertension prevalence, awareness, treatment and the knowledge on hypertension prevention and control, and to explore the influential factors of hypertension in Chongqing adults aged 35 years and over. This will be helpful for providing scientific evidences for population based intervention for hypertension.Methods: A survey was made among the population of Chongqing from the September of 2004 to the May of 2005, using the method of stratified cluster sampling. A total of 3957 adults ,aged 35 and over, were examined, and the effective adults were 3427( 1487 males and 1940 females).Three blood pressure measurements were obtained by trained observers by use of a standardized mercury sphygmomanometer after a 5-minuter sitting rest. Information on history of hypertension and use of antihypertensive medications was obtained by use of a standard questionnaire. Chi-square was used to compare the rates; t-test and analysis of variance were used to test the differences of numerical variables. The independent risk factors for influencing prevalence were analyzed by using logistic regression analysis. Results: Overall, 26.5% of the Chongqing adults aged 35 years and over had hypertension, and the standardized prevalence rate of hypertension was 26.6%,among which, the male prevalence was 27.1%,and the female prevalence was 26.1%,which were no different between them(P<0.05). The prevalence rate of hypertension was increased with the increasing of the age in both males and females. The prevalence rate of urban population was higher (32.9%) than that (20.4%) of the rural areas (P<0.01), which was the same result in every aged group.Overall, 48.6% of those with hypertension were aware of their diagnosis, 41.6% were taking medication to lower their blood pressure, and 12.7% achieved blood pressure control. All aged groups, awareness, treatment and control rates of the urban higher than those of the rural.The average SBP and DBP for normotensive participants (120.3/75.3mmHg) were 28.1 and 10.8 mmHg lower than the corresponding values (148.4/86.1mmHg) for those with treated hypertension, and 30.7 and 14.9 mmHg lower than the corresponding values (151.0/90.2mmHg)for those with untreated hypertension. In contrast, the SBP and DBP differences between treated and untreated participants with hypertension were only 2.6 and 4.1 mmHg, respectively.According to multi-factors logistic regression analysis, waist hip ratio, hyperlipidemia, family history, overweight and obesity and age were the risk factors of hypertension, the rural areas and income above 1000 yuan were the protective factors.The results indicated the level of health knowledge about the prevention and treated of hypertension was lower. Only 13.3% answered correctly the relationship between hypertension and cigarette smoking, excess-alcohol intake , tension, much salt intake, heredity, obesity, lack of physical exercise.30.9% of people are not aware of any risk factor. The awareness of the risk factors of the people with high school level and above was higher than that of the below of high school education. About 47.7% of the subjects knew that 120/80mmHg is a normal blood pressure value. About 19.5% of the hypertension subjects took their blood pressure in the recent month.Conclusion: The results indicate that the hypertension prevalence in Chongqing is similar with the national level among the adults aged 35 years and over. The prevalence rate of the urban was higher than that of the rural. The percentages of those with hypertension who are aware, treated and controlled are unacceptably low, especially in rural. Government departments should strengthen the knowledge of prevention and treatment on hypertension, and culture their good health behavior. The study is the base for further intervention of hypertension epidemiology. |
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