Analysis Of Epidemiology Of Hypertension And Related Risk Factors Among Permanent Residents Aged 15 And Older In Shenzhen

Object: To identify the prevalence, awareness, treatment and control of hypertension and the prevalence of the risk factors related and other epidemiological status. Then, epidemiological data from sample survey on chronic diseases in Shenzhen city in 1997 were compared to understand the prevalence changes of hypertension and related risk factors, in favor of providing evidence for further improvement and implementation of comprehensive prevention and control of hypertension in the community.Method: The study used a multistage stratified cluster random sampling method to select a representative sample. A total of 8782 Shenzhen permanent residents, aged 15 years or older were conducted a questionnaire survey, human body measurements and laboratory tests. Epidemiological data from sample survey on chronic diseases in Shenzhen city in 1997 were re-processed by uniform diagnostic criteria, then, based on this two surveys, we can understand the degree of an hypertension prevalence influence that were exerted by the changes in major risk factors. By the way, after building a database used by Epidata3.1, all the information was analyzed by SAS8.2 software.Result: Compared to 1997, the hypertension standardized prevalence of this survey crowd increased from 13.3% to 15.3% which rose 2 percentage points. The prevalence of men and women respectively increased to 17.6%,13.6% by 13.9% and 12.8%, in which men rose about 4 percent. In addition, male hypertension prevalence is markedly higher than women in this investigation while no significant difference is between male and female in 1997. The awareness, treatment and control rate of hypertension are respectively 59.2%,52.3%,43.4%, male (53.3%,43.8%,18.8%) slightly lower than female (65.3%,57.1%,25.0%) (all P<0.01); Treatment among hypertension patients being treated is 43.4%, while that of male and female is respectively 42.9% and 43.8%, no statistically significance (P>0.05) is between the two groups. The awareness, treatment and control of hypertension of elderly is better than young people, compared to 1997, the standardized awareness increased from 27.5% to 42.4%. Aging, overweight and obesity, dyslipidemia, hypertension family history, drinking, smoking and other hypertension mainly related risk factors and standardized rates increased from 28.6%,29.5%,37.3%,19.1%,8.6%,18.1% in 1997 to 29.0%,35.1%,39.3%,40.3%,24.5%,22.1% (all P<0.01). In addition, standardized rate of non-exercise rate declined from 67.7% to 42.3%, high salt diet rate is 43.4%. This survey excluded age, educational level, marital status, occupation and other influences (aging only eliminated cultural degree, marital status, occupation). Population attributable risk percentage of risk factors whose OR(95%CI) does not include 1 are following: Aging: 43.7%, overweight and obesity: 42.6%, dyslipidemia: 32.1%, hypertension family history: 29.7%, drinking 9.3%, which are coincident with 1997. 72.3% person with 1-3 kinds of risk factors, whose hypertension rates will rise significantly with rising risk factors.Conclusion: the current prevalence of hypertension in Shenzhen is below the average level of the country, the awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension is in a higher level than other cities. However, there is a big gap compared to the developed countries and cities; Absolute awareness, treatment, and control are still relatively low. Compared to the level of Shenzhen City in 1997, the prevalence of hypertension increased significantly. In dozen years, the prevalence rate of male increased significantly while that of the female changed little, and women with hypertension awareness, treatment and control were significantly higher than men. Compared to 1997, the three largest increasing risk factors were alcohol consumption, family history, overweight and obesity, having risen by 184.9%, 110.0%, 19.1%. But the biggest risk factor of increased prevalence of hypertension is still aging, overweight and obesity, dyslipidemia. In addition, the number of risk factors also has a certain relationship with prevalence of hypertension. The two has a positive correlation.Suggestion: These studies emphasized that the leading role of government in the prevention of hypertension should be further strengthened, effective prevention and control measures should be set up. Based on the optimization of resource allocation and the community health service centers, make the effect maximize in the intervention of hypertension behavioral risk factors, reduce the incidence and prevalence of hypertension and improve hypertension awareness using a combination of comprehensive prevention and control concluding the health education, community intervention means and etc. On the other hand, medical treatment of hypertension and drug using should be standard; physician-patient relationship should be improved. To maximize the patients adhere to treatment and to improve the dependency as the case of some patients should be followed up, thus, the rate of treatment and control of hypertension can be improved.