| It is predicted that the 21th century is an era for a great development of higher education. The growing competition of comprehensive strength between countries in the world today shows that the role of higher education in the development of economy and society of a country is more important and protruding than any times in the past. There is no way for a country to catch up with or surpass those developed countries.It is easy to imagine that how important the law construction of higher education in education reform, when the new century comes and our tradition management system of higher education is undergoing the shock from the reform and opening-up of a transitional society and the entry to the WTO. Our management of higher education has long witnessed running by experiences. But the establishment of the socialist market economy system and the development in its democracy and politic, the advantage of this management by experiences is giving way to its disadvantage and causing a bad impact to the development of higher education. Therefore, managing　education and promoting its development by law is the indispensable and non-fungible idea and choice, only through which can our education reform and development achieve an "over-lap". What is "running education by law"? It means that government organizations and the administrative setups concerned administrate and manage education affairs within their terms of reference according to law, and that schools at all levels, education institution, social groups and citizen deal with running school, educational and teaching activities and the other educational activities concerned according to laws. The activities of managing educational affairs includes educational legislating, giving publicity to educational laws , enforcing educational laws through administration, educational laws' supervision, educational law-abiding and so on.Running education by law is an important characteristic of modern country's development and reform in education. In many developed countries, when the issues and problems have a bad impact on the basic interests of the country, the will make no exceptions to turn to laws, and the laws will become a fundamental measure to guarantee, considerate, promote and develop their higher education. There will be no a guarantee for education's development without laws. Drawing educational experience from abroad can't ignore learning their experiences in managing education according to laws.Form the history of law construction in American higher education, the principal aim and content of American higher education legislation and its enforcement and supervising mechanism. We learn clearly the history of reform andinnovation in managing education by laws in American higher education. The history of the development of American higher education witnessed two outstanding reforms in managing its education by laws. The first one was seen form 1862 to 1880, when the federal government granted lands for college's establishment, and during that period of time the number of higher colleges was seen up to more than 500 form 9 in the colonial times. The second one is seen form the end of World War Two to the time when the National Defence Education Act was passed. During this period of time, short-term community　college sprung up all over the U.S. This two-year college was increased by one per week. We can see form this "two peaks" in higher educational development that higher education in American still remains a steady development even under went such an adjustment, and that the guarantee for American to steady develop its tertiary education is that they depend on passing laws to carry out the strategy of higher education. In the U.S, to manage education according to laws has been a successful practice to develop its higher education, and established a running mechanism of higher education management by laws that makes legislation as the premise, laws' keeping as the basis, sternly law-enforcement as the core and law-supervision as insurance.
|
PDF Full Text Request