| Based on one experiment of pronunciation and two surveys, this thesis has an investigation of the learners with the dialect of Cantonese in the primary, moderate and high level stages of learning Putonghua in the aspects of learners' performance and regulation in pronunciation, visual effects of the tone symbols on the learners, and the learners' apperception to the tone symbols. Using the method of performance analysis, this thesis analyses roundly (synchronically and diachronically) the learners' application of the target language, describes objectively the actual situation (both the error part and the correct part) of target language application of the learners in the primary, moderate and high level stages, discusses the background reason of these phenomenon from the stand of learners' acquisition and puts forward the corresponding teaching tactics.We design two grading questionnaires and one pronunciation questionnaire. The pronunciation questionnaire has two sheets, one with tone symbols, the other without. All the questionnaires are answered by the female teachers and female learners in the primary, moderate and high level stages randomly in the course of Putonghua Certificate opened by The School of Continuing and Professional Studies. The Chinese University of Hong Kong. Firstly, the pronunciation experiment is taped. Then the pronunciation performance surveyed is recorded and commented through the grading of the native speakers and national examiners of Putonghua.The results of the investigation are:1. There is regular performance for the learners with the dialect of Cantonese in the acquisition of the four tones of Putonghua, especially the errors, which has close relationship with the tone features of the Cantonese.2. In the process of teaching and learning, the teaching difficulty sense of tone and acquisition difficulty sense of tone appear to be dissymmetrical. And the sense of the learners is momentary and dynamic, while the sense of the teachers is comprehensive and integral, which is embodied by that as the learning goes on, the learners' tone sense of the disyllable will be adjusted, which will be close to the teachers' whole sense of teaching difficulty in the end. 3. It is found in the survey and pronunciation experiment that the learners' sense of tone has connection with the order of acquisition, and they have mutual influence to each other.4. The labeling of tone is beneficial for learner' acquisition of tone, which can motivate the learners to use the knowledge of the target language. The acquisition of the monosyllable is obvious for the learners in primary stage, while that of the disyllable is obvious for the learners in moderate stage.5. Regarding to the tone combination in the disyllable, there is the problem of tone change as well as the tone problem. We find and analyze the four difficult points for the learners in the four tone combinations, which will be treated as important points in the tone teaching of Putonghua for the learners with the dialect of Cantonese.6. Besides, as the learning time increases, the tone acquisition level of the three stages learners promotes stage by stage, which proves that the course design and teaching of our school is positive.According to the above mentioned manifestation, we conclude that in the process of learning Putonghua, the learner with the dialect of Cantonese shall firstly set up a tone prototype in accordance with the tone features of his/her mother tongue, then continually adjust the prototype in the process of acquisition, and get close to the tone features of the target language step by step. And in the acquisition process of continual adjustment, what the teachers shall do is to reduce learners' sense of tone difficulty through different teaching methods and different approaches, and to make use of the positive transfer, to reduce negative transfer and overgeneralization , to ceaselessly stimulate and help the learners, so as to accelerate the process of setting up the tone prototype. |
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