Prevalence Of Hypertension And Its Relevant Factors Among Residents In The Urban And Rural Connecting Areas Of Baiyun District In Guangzhou City

[Background]According to the definition and classification in the book Hypertension Prevention Guide of China (2005 revised edition), the diagnostic standard of hypertension is set at systolic pressure≥140mmHg and/or diastolic pressure≥90mmHg; According to the level of blood pressure, hypertension can be divided into normal, high normal and hypertension of level 1,2 and 3.Hypertension can also be classified into 4 levels (groups) in accordance to dangerous factors of incorporative cardiovascular diseases, damage of target organs and other simultaneous diseases:low-risk, mid-risk, high-risk and very high-risk. Besides the damage that is brought by hypertension itself directly, more serious results are the damages to target organs like heart, brain and kidney, which have made hypertension one of the most serious public health issues all over the world. There are various factors that influence hypertension. Physiologic factors of individualities, hereditary factors and behavior and life style factors are all closely related to the occurrence of hypertension.Compared with other areas in China, Guangdong province was supposed to be low-prevalence area of hypertension. But because of early reform and opening-up and fast improvement of life standard in this area, the changes in life style and behaviors are in favor of hypertension. So the prevalence rate of hypertension in Guangdong province goes up faster than the national average.Baiyun district locates in the urban and rural connecting areas of Guangzhou where urban and rural communities contact, commix and mingle. The transitivity of characteristics in population and social structure is quite apparent. In this area, there are not only the intermingling of urban and rural residents, but also heterogeneous contrasts between local residents and floating population. All kinds of career types, life styles, beliefs, values, demands and different groups of people with various psychological and intellectual qualities lead to strong contrasts and coexistence.Most of the population in Baiyun district was farmers. Because of land expropriation, most farmers have changed their former life styles. Eating habits, physical exercise, and psychological status after reemployment and life habits after economic improvement have changed greatly. Then how will these changes influence prevalence conditions of hypertension? At present, with the development of urbanization, the number of this special kind of population that live in the urban and rural connecting areas will increase. More emphasize will be given on heath condition of this kind of people. So, by epidemiogical study of hypertension of rural residents in this area, this survey tries to offer some meaningful clues to Pathogenic factors and provide scientific foundation for prophylaxis and treatment of hypertension.[Purpose]Through monitoring of relevant dangerous factors of hypertension and epidemiogical study of residents in the urban and rural connecting areas in Baiyun district, this survey tries to find out trends, distribution characteristics and main influencing factors of hypertension in the urban and rural connecting areas of Guangzhou. So scientific foundation can be laid to formulate and carry out prophylaxis and treatment measures of hypertension for this kind of people.[Objects and Methods]1. Methods:the method of cross-sectional study. We use unified questionnaires and physical measurement method to collect materials of respondents. And we also make pre-surveys before detailed inspection and investigation.2. The sample size:684 residents between 16 years old and 69 years old need to be investigated.3. Objects of study and sampling methods:Objects of study are fixed by multi-stage random sampling. According to the classification method of the State Statistics Bureau, firstly, we draw at random 2 streets and 1 town among all the 14 streets and 4 towns in Baiyun district. Then 4 neighborhood committees/villages are drawn at random in every street/town that has already been drawn. In the 4 committees/administrative villages, we drawn at random resident groups (≥40 families)/one villager group. In each resident group/villager group,57 household are picked at random to be the objects of study. At last, in every picked household,1 resident between 15-69 years old will be investigated by the KISH Table method.4. Survey methods and survey contents:We adopt the monitoring questionnaire of relevant dangerous factors in adult chronic diseases in Guangzhou which is designed by the department of chronic diseases in Center for Disease Control and Prevention in Guangzhou as the questionnaire for this survey. The questionnaire survey is made by trained specialists face to face. Physical measurements, including height, weight, waist line, hip circumference and blood pressure, are also made by trained specialists.5. Data analysis:the double data entry is made by Epi Info2002. The statistics is made by SPSS 11.0. The standardized prevalence rate of hypertension is calculated according to materials from 2000 national census.[Results]l.The prevalence of hypertension of respondents 684 respondents are supposed to be investigated in this survey; the actual number is 683 and the response rate was 99.85%, among the respondents are 333 males and 350 females.109 hypertensive patients were found in this survey, the prevalence rate is 15.96%. In Baiyun district, the prevalence rate of male is 17.1% and of female is 14.9%. The prevalence rates of both male and female tend to increase with ages growing.2. The hypertension prevalence rates of people with different social and economic statuses.(1) The prevalence rates vary a lot in residents of different educational levels in the urban and rural connecting areas in Baiyun district. The rate of those who were graduated from junior high school and belowed is 18.8%, of graduates from senior high school or technical secondary school is 11.0%, and of college or university graduates is 4.3%. The hypertension prevalence rates decrease with the rise of educational level.(2) The hypertension prevalence rates vary among residents of different careers in the urban and rural connecting areas in Baiyun district. The hypertension prevalence rate of manual worker is 19.4%, of mental worker is 9.2%. The manual worker is mental workers are more likely to suffer from high blood pressure. However the counding factor of age should be considered.(3)The hypertension prevalence rates vary among residents of different marital statuses in the urban and rural connecting areas in Baiyun district. The prevalence rate of the single (including the unmarried, the separated, the widowed and the divorced) is 8% and of the normal married people (including cohabitation and the married) is 17.9%, and of the others people is 50.0%.This difference is of statistic significance,3. The blood pressure value of different rural populationsThe average blood pressure values of residents in the urban and rural connecting areas in Baiyun district is 124.52±14.81/77.89±9.21mmHg, among which the average blood pressure value of males is 126.51±12.93/79.35±8.48mmHg and of females is 122.62±16.19/76.49±9.65mmHg. The average systolic pressure value of males is higher than that of females. The average diastolic pressure value of males is higher than that of females. The average systolic pressure value and diastolic pressure value of both males and females are increasing with age growing; the positive correlation between systolic pressure and the age is significant; and the positive correlation between diastolic pressure and the age is significant as well. t=4.114, P=0.000。4. The rating constituent ratio of blood pressure levels of different groups of rural population(1) The constituent ratio of respondents with normal blood pressure in the urban and rural connecting areas in Baiyun district is 31%; with the normal high value is 53% and with the hypertension is 16%. The differences in rating constituent ratios of blood pressure values of different age groups are statistically significant.% 2=104.844, P=0.000。(2) The constituent ratios of levelⅠ,ⅡandⅢof hypertension patients in the urban and rural connecting areas in Baiyun district are 79.8%,14.7% and 5.5%. Most patients are focused on levelⅠ. There is no difference in rating constituent ratios of hypertension among different age groups. The proportion of level I hypertension patients of each age group is the highest, levelⅡin the middle and level III the lowest.5. Main impact factors of hypertension of rural population The impact factors of hypertension of residents in the urban and rural connecting areas in Baiyun district are various. Multivariate analysis shows that age and the body mass index (BMI) and Livestock meat intake are dangerous factors that cause hypertension.[Conclusion]Current situation of hypertension in the urban and rural connecting areas in Baiyun district is comparatively serious. The prevalence rate of hypertension is 15.96%. the prevalence rate of male is 17.1% and of female is 14.9%.The impact factors of hypertension of residents in the urban and rural connecting areas in Baiyun district are various. Multivariate analysis shows that age, the family history, body mass index (BMI) and intake of meat are dangerous factors that cause hypertension.