"jinyuan Four Everybody" Stab Winding Spilled Blood Therapy Research Analysis

The bloodletting therapy is commonly known nowadays as blood-pricking therapy and as pricking in ancient times. It is a kind of method for the treatment of related diseases by using three-edged needles or some other type of needles to prick the body’s venules or veins to release a certain amount of blood. The earliest record of pricking blood therapy came from Nei Jing(Yellow Emperor’s Canon of Medicine).The therapy of blood-Pricking has been developed further by generations of physicians.In Jin Yuan period, the physicians in the Jin and Yuan Dynasties had put forward new academic schools of thoughts according to their accumulated experiences from their clinical practice of Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). The main representative figures were Liu Wansu, Zhang Congzheng. Li Gao, Zhu Zhenheng. They have made great contributions to Chinese medical history and were called the four eminent physicians in the Jin and Yuan Dynasties by medical historians. Although they held different academic opinions, the four of them still carried on and further developed the blood-pricking theory of Neijing. They were proficient at pricking blood in their clinical practice. They, with their own unique styles of treatment, made breakthroughs in the development of the blood-pricking treatment that influenced and guided the clinical practice of future generations.After searching through articles of the past20years, it can be concluded that literary research on blood-pricking therapy is limited and with a lack of comprehensive and in-depth research on the four eminent physicians in the Jin and Yuan Dynasties. Presently, there are only a few scattered research articles. Therefore, it is necessary to further study and analyze the blood-pricking therapy of four eminent physicians. It is not only to provide a greater in-depth understanding the blood-pricking theory, but also to help guide clinical practice. This study is divided into three parts.Firstly, to uncover the unique features of the blood-pricking therapy of the four eminent physicians in the Jin and Yuan Dynasties.Reading and studying all of their books, extracting out the blood-pricking theories and medical records, and then analyze and classify the medieal records. Finally, explore the blood-pricking therapy which was applied by the four physicians in their clinic practice through the differentiation of main and collateral channels, the blood-pricking tools used, the selection of acupuncture points, the amount of bleeding, prescriptions, indications and the contraindication of blood-pricking.Secondly, to find the common ground of blood-pricking therapy of the four eminent physicians in the Jin and Yuan Dynasties.By analyzing the unique feature of blood-pricking therapy of the four physicians, a common ground of blood-pricking therapy of four eminent physicians in the Jin and Yuan Dynasties can be deduced. The common ground includes academic origin, proficiency at blood-pricking treatment, the differentiation of main and collateral channels, the effective usage of Wushu points and the combined usage of both acupuncture and medicinal herbs in their treatment. This not only helps to further study the correlationships of the usage of blood-pricking therapy between the four physicians, the knowledge is also beneficial to the present day usage of blood-pricking therapy in clinical practice.Thirdly, the relationship between the blood-pricking therapy and the different academic schools of thoughts of the four physicians.The four physicians each have their own unique views on the academic theory and on syndrome differentiation and they have used their own viewpoints to guide them in their clinical practice, but a common pattern arosed which revealed that they were all proficient in blood-pricking therapy. By reading and studying their blood-pricking therapy and medical records in their books, it can be concluded that the blood-pricking therapies of each of the four physicians were consistant with their respective academic viewpoint of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM)Such as Liu Wansu advocated the theory of lire and suggested to use the herbs of cold and cool in nature to purge the heat in the body. Pricking blood therapy was a form of treatment for excess heat. Zhang Congzheng was a school of attacking evil, he was good at diaphoresis method, emesis method and purgative method in the clinical practice as well as pricking blood therapy. He said that sweat and blood were derived from the same source: therefore, the blood-pricking therapy belonged to a kind of diaphoresis. Li Gao put forward the treatise on Spleen and Stomach, he emphasized the importance of the spleen and stomach in the human body. He accounted that the dysfunction of spleen and stomach was due to internal injury in body and multiple diseases were a result of the dysfunction of spleen and stomach. This was not only reflected in the treatment of syndrome differentiation, but at the same time also guided the pricking blood therapy. He tended to choose acupuncture points of Yangming Stomach Meridian of Foot, such as Zusanli. Qijie. Shangjuxu and Xiangu, to bleed. These acupuncture points could adjust Qi and keep Yinyang in balance. Zhu Zhenheng proposed that Yang was frequently in excess and Yin was frequently in deficit, lie advocated nourishing Yin to lower the lire. On the clinical practice ol acupuncture and moxibustion. he also accounted that acupuncture was only suitable for reduction manipulation and not for reinforcement manipulation. Hence, lie applied the blood-pricking therapy to purge the fire and to keep the Yin.In conclusion, Liu Wansu, Zhang Congzheng, Li Gao, Zhu Zhenheng had different academic views of traditional Chinese medicine, but the four of them commonly used pricking blood therapy. They carried on the blood-pricking theory of Neijing and innovated on the pricking blood treatment. In doing so, they have provided the guidelines for the usage of blood-pricking therapy for the future generations.