Research On The Suitability Of Human Settlements In The Hangzhou Bay Area

Human settlement is the surface space for the most intensive activities of human existence,and it is an important place for mankind to make use of nature and transform nature internally.In recent years,with the rapid development of humanistic community and urbanization process,the human living conditions are having been changed constantly,while the environmental conditions not only directly affect the health of people and the quality of life,but also influence the sustainable development of regional economy and the progress of human society.As a part of the Changjiang River Delta City Group and located in its central coastal area,Hangzhou-bay area rim has prosperous economy,developed urban construction,and high-level urbanization.But at the same time,it is also accompanied by the emergence of various urban problems,such as population pressure,employment pressure,environmental pollution,ecological destruction etc..Under this background,this paper focuses on the research on the adaptability of human settlements in the Hangzhou-bay area rim and scientifically analysis the spatial change of the suitability of human living environment under the influence of the natural ecological and humanity social environment to make the Hangzhou-bay area rim's spatial distribution of the population more reasonable,the development of the humanities and social development more coordinated,and the protection of the ecological environment more sustainable.This paper is based on following data:the meteorological statistical data in 1999-2016 from 25 weather stations around Hangzhou-bay area rim,GDEMV2 30-meter-resolution digital elevation data product,two periods(2000,2010)Landsat TM/OLI satellite image of Hangzhou-bay area rim,500-meter-resolution monthly NDVI synthetic product data set of the Hangzhou-bay area rim of 2000,2005,2010,2015 and humanities and social statistics data of this four years.First,this study takes the the grid of 250m*250m as the assessment unite and calculate the four selected natural indicators,including terrain,hydrology,climate and land cover on the basis of RS and GIS technology to obtain the terrain undulation,hydrological index,temperature and humidity index,wind efficiency index,ground cover index data layer for the four years in the Hangzhou-bay area rim.Through the appropriate suitability analysis for data layers of natural index and the zoning statistical tools on ArcGIS,the average values of each areas are obtained.Then,this paper gets the statistical arrange of humanities and social data indicators of Hangzhou-bay area rim in the four years from 5 perspectives,including economy,residence,service,ecology and culture environment.Last,this study uses the Matlab software to determine the weight of each evaluation index by entropy method sets up human settlements environment suitability evaluation model(HEI)to evaluate and analysis the adaptability of residential environment of Hangzhou-bay area rim in 2000,2005,2010 and 2015 from the city level and county level.According to the results of this evaluation,the optimum suggestions are put forward according to the characteristics of the Hangzhou-bay area rim.The results show that:(1)On the spatial scale,the spatial difference of the suitability of human settlement is relatively small in the Hangzhou-bay area rim.In 2000,2005,2010 and 2015,the high-suitable districts of human settlements were mainly distributed in the study area's eastern coastal areas,the central and west areas with better economic environment,service environment and the ecological environment,including Hangzhou City,Keqiao Area,Chunan County and so on.The proportion of the general suitable districts and the moderate suitable districts were high.In the four years,the distribution always near the central areas of the study area,such as Songjiang Area,Wuxing Area,Haining City,Cixi City and so on.The proportion of critical suitable districts is low.In the 2000 and 2005,they were found mainly in the southwestern mountainous areas of the study area.These areas have large terrain,short climate comfort period,poor economic environment,service environment and cultural environment.In 2005 and 2010,they were transferred to Shangyu Area,Zhuji City,Haining City,Nanxun Area and some other central regions of research area.And the research area didn't have distributions in 2015.(2)On the time scale,during the 3 periods,the environmental suitability of human settlements in Hangzhou-bay area rim shows an increasing trend on overall.And the living environment in the ring Hangzhou-bay area rim is improving and the suitable quality is improving,which means that the living environment and suitable quality is being improved.The number of cities in critical suitable districts and moderate suitable districts gradually decreased in the three periods of 2000-2015,and the number of cities in the critical area reduced to 0 by the time of 2015;the number of regions in moderate and highly suitable areas increased gradually in the three periods,and the growth rate of the highly suitable areas is more obvious than the moderate suitable area.(3)On the city level,the human settlements index values in Shanghai,Hangzhou and Ningbo are generally higher in the four years and in Huzhou,Jiaxing,Shaoxing and Zhoushan are generally low.The human settlement index value of Ningbo was up to 0.7966 in 2015,and of Zhoushan was 0.3715 in 2000.The human settlement environmental suitability index values in Jiaxing,Ningbo and Zhoushan are gradually improved in the four years;in Shanghai,it slowly increased in the two periods from 2000 to 2010,and decreased after 2015,and the decline rate is 0.5%;in Hangzhou,it decreased in 2000 and 2005 and increased from 2005 to 2015.From 2005 to 2010,the increase rate of numerical value is the biggest,which is 30%.The index values of Huzhou and Shaoxing in three periods separately shows decreasing trend,increasing trend and decreasing trend.(4)On the county level,the human settlement environmental suitability index values of 62 counties indicate an overall upward trend in the four years,and the quality of living environment is quite good,which shows that these counties are suitable for human to live.Compared with 2000,the number and proportion of counties in the high suitable districts of the residential environment in 2015 increased from 10,16.13% to 21,33.87%,with the fastest growth;the number and proportion of cities in the moderate suitable districts increased from 18,29.03% to 28,45.16%;the number and proportion of cities in the general suitable districts decreased from 22,35.48% to 13,20.97% and most of these counties have upgraded to moderate suitable districts;the number and proportion of counties in the critical suitable districts decreased from 12,19.35% to 0,0%,with the fastest decelerate.