| Objective:The main objectives of the study were to analyse the burden of non-communicable diseases(NCDs)in Tanzania in 1990 and 2019,to assess rate of Years of Lost Life(YLLs),Years Lives with Disability(YLDs),and Disability-Adjusted Life Years(DALYs),to identify the causes of Disability-Adjusted Life Years(DALYs),and to estimate the prevalence of non-communicable diseases.Finally,analysis of mortality from non-communicable diseases and identification of key factors related to non-communicable diseases.Methods:By extracting data from the Global Burden of Disease online database.Extracted data including 12 kinds of non-communicable diseases(NCDs)of Years of Lost Life(YLLs),Years Lives with Disability(YLDs),and Disability-Adjusted Life Years(DALYs),prevalence,mortality,and affect the three major risk factors for non-communicable diseases(metabolic risk factors,behavioral risk factors and environmental/occupational risk factors).Statistical analysis using the Excel 2016,and the query tool for collecting data is https//:vizhub.health.data.Results:(1)Years of Lost Life(YLLs)results show that cardiovascular diseases continued to be a great source of YLLs,whereby in 1990 it was having2716.17/100,000 and in 2019 was 2242.99/100,000.In comparison,the mental disorders remained the last for having the low rate of YLLs from 1990 to 2019 by0.023/100,000 to 0.069/100,000.(2)Years Lives with the Disability YLDs(YLDs)results show that all diseases showed an increase in YLDs except the sense organ diseases,skin disease,and other non-communicable.Mental disorder has become the first by having a high rate of YLDs,which is1355.80/100,000 in 1990,and increased the rate to 1408.66/100,000 in 2019.Neoplasm remained the last one,but YLDs momentum had been raised from24.33/100,000 in 1990 to 27.54/100,000 in 2019.(3)Disability Adjusted Life Years(DALYs)results show that cardiovascular diseases were great sources of DALYs after other non-communicable,which was2934.80/100,000 in 1990 and became 2490.66/100,000 in 2019.Other non-communicable decreases the rate of DALYs from 5160.09/100,000 in 2019 and become 3479.65/100,000 in 2019.However,substance use remained the least at rank,but total DALYs had grown from 167.30/100,000 in 1990 to 196.46/100,000 in 2019.(4)In terms of mortality from non-communicable diseases,cardiovascular diseases have continued to be the first to cause a high mortality rate in 1990 and 2019,followed by neoplasms and other non-communicable,but the mortality rate has decreased.However,neurological disorders,skin diseases,substance use,and muscular disorders were the least in the rank but showed minor differences in increasing the mortality rate in 1990 and 2019.(5)In terms of the prevalence of non-communicable diseases,skin diseases have a high prevalence rate after other non-communicable diseases,whereby in 1990 it was30600.50/100,000 and rose to 30628.63/100,000 in 2019,which was followed by neoplasms with 1758.83/100,000 in 1990 and increases in prevalence rate up to23280.71/100,000 in 2019.However,substance use remained the last,with a low prevalence rate,1353.51/100,000 in 2019 and 1429.40/100,000 in 2019.(6)There are three main risk factors of the non-communicable disease: metabolic risk factors,behavioral risk,and environmental/ occupational risk factors.In 1990,metabolic risk factors contributed much to diabetes & CKD by 75.41%,followed by cardiovascular diseases at 43.91% and mental disorders at 24.20%.While in 2019,metabolic risk factors contribute much to diabetes & CKD by 75.50%,followed by cardiovascular diseases and neurological disorders,49.66%,and 35.12%,respectively.In 1990 behavioral risk factors have a high contribution of diseases to substance use which was 100.00%,followed by digestive diseases and neoplasms,which were 98.53%and 85.85%.In 2019 behavioral risk factors contribute much to substance use which continued to be 100%,followed by digestive diseases and neoplasms,which were96.88%% and 80.05%,respectively.For environmental risk factors,sense organ diseases were the first to be contributed by environmental risk factors which were92.39%,followed by musculoskeletal disorders,which was 71.14%.In 2019 environmental risk factors continued to be the main contribution to sense organ diseases which was 100.00%,followed by musculoskeletal disorders,which was66.16%.Conclusions:To prevent and control NCDs,effective interventions are needed to prevent the rising burden of NCDs in Tanzania.Tanzanian govenment should take the necessary interventions for priority diseases,especially cardiovascular diseases,mental disorders,neoplasms,etc.,which account for a high proportion of YLLs,YLDs,and DALYs.At the same time,the study found a high mortality rate of cardiovascular diseases and neoplasms,and a high prevalence rate of skin diseases,neurological disorders and digestive diseases.These diseases should not only arouse sufficient attention of the Tanzanian government,but also raise awareness of self-prevention of Tanzanian people.This study also found that different diseases accounted for different proportions in different risk factors.Diabetes & CKD accounted for a large proportion in metabolic risk factors.Therefore,it is suggested to take intervention measures from the aspects of metabolic factors to reduce the risk of such diseases.At the same time,diseases of the substance use,digestive diseases and mental disorders account for a large proportion of behavioral factors.Therefore,it is suggested to take behavioral intervention measures for these diseases,such as strengthening publicity and education,so as to reduce the risk of disease.Sensory system diseases account for a large proportion of environmental risk factors.It is suggested that environmental interventions should be taken to reduce the risk of such diseases,such as improving the environment.Finally,the Tanzanian government should increase its investment in health care to reduce the incidence of non-communicable diseases by strengthening the surveillance of non-communicable diseases and improving its capacity to prevent and control them. |
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