Monitoring And Diagnosing Of Typical Coastal Zone Ecosystem Environment Of Bohai Sea

Monitoring methodologies of land use/land coverage and pollutant flux discharged into the sea, the two (2) major parameters that lead degradation of coastal zone ecosystem environment, are analyzed in this thesis. Key technologies for dynamic management of coastal zone environment are primarily developed. Utilizing GIS and RS technologies, this thesis developed methodologies for coastal zone land use/land coverage classification and remote sensing data interpretation and established a landscape unit dynamic model. A method for error estimation of river flux calculation with temporally averaged parameters in case of rare measurement data is proposed. And it is concluded that it is practical to calculate river sediment and pollutant fluxes with the advection term if there is a phase shift of ±90o between the river discharge and the concentration (of sediment or pollutant).With the landscape ecological methodologies, this thesis selected five (5) landscape pattern indexes, patch area, patch shape index, Shannon-Weaver diversity index, dominance index and fragmentation index, for the assessment of landscape pattern in coastal zone ecosystem. Based on the reliable data of the landscape pattern degradation, the ecological impact by the landscape pattern variation is analyzed. With the theory of Pressure-Status-Response of ecosystem, ten (10) indexes are selected for determining the healthy index of an ecosystem by calculating the weight factors of each index with layer analysis methods. The ten (10) indexes are: population density, human disturbance, plant coverage, landscape diversity, average patch area, resilience, plankton level, ratio of excellent functional landscape area, fertilizer consumption in unit area, GDP per capita. With the above approach, methodologies for assessing the healthiness of coastal zone ecosystem are studies in this thesis.Further to the analysis of the variation fluxes discharged into the Bohai Sea, diagnosing methods for degradation of sediment quality and water quality in the coastal zone ecosystem is studied. By identifying the age of sediments deposited in the coastal zone with the isotopic dating method, the physical composition and the spatial variation of heavy metal concentrations are analyzed. Taking the condition in 50s as a baseline, the degradation of the ecosystem environment is assessed with statistic methods. The degradation of water quality in the coastal zone is diagnosed with a single index assessment method referencing to water quality standards. The correlation between the ecosystem environment degradation and the variations of river discharge, sediment discharge and pollutant loads is revealed.Applying the methodologies developed in this paper to the typical coastal zone of the Bohai Bay, it is revealed successfully the degradation of the ecosystem degradation in the coastal zone of Bohai Sea under the pressure of human activities. Such degradation has become a major constrain of the social and economic development of this region.