Preparation And Structure Of Array Of One-Dimension (1D) Nanomaterials

Nanomaterials have at least one-dimensional size in the range of nanometer scale. Materials with nanoscopic dimensions not only have potential technological applications in areas such as devices technology and drug delivery but also are of fundamental interests. One-dimensional nanomaterials have a radial size in the range of nanometer, such as, nanowires and nanotubules, etc. The new quantum-devices based on Nano-ST are the focus of the current study of science and technology. It includes design, study and preparation of new quantum devices in the laser technology, information storage technology and operation technology. Nanotech is based on the artificial quantized structures technology, which was controlled by the quantum theory. 21th century is called as "the Era of Photo", "the Era of highly information" and "the Era of Biological Engineering", etc, but the key of these is quantum effect. So, we think the application of nano-ST will initiative the revolution in information field and biological engineering field.Now, people have been paying great attention on the nano-assembly system. The scientist in Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory at University of California at Berkely, point out on Nature that: nano-size pattern materials are the key problems in the field of modern materials-chemistry and physics.1D systems are the smallest dimensions structures that can be used for efficient transport of electrons and optical excitation, and are thus expected to be critical to the function and integration of nanoscale devices. However, little is known about the nature of the 1D nano-system. Interest in nano-structures has been driven by fascinating questions: (i) how can nanostructures controlled dimensionality and size be rationally synthesized or fabricated and (ii) what are the intrinsic and potentially unique physical properties of nanostructures?Although a number of strategies have been pursed, general methods for the growth of 1D nanostructures have not been available. Among numerous chemical methods for preparing nanomaterials, "template synthesis method" explored by C. R. martin et al. has been proved to be a versatile approach for preparing nanomaterials. Using this method, nanotubules and nanofiblis composed of metals, semiconductors, polymers and various composites of these materials were prepared and these materials often have useful optical, electronic and magnetic properties. This dissertation includes two parts: preparation and characterization of array of fullerene and metal sulfide nanowires and preparation and characterization of array of polymer and carbon nanotubules filled with metal nanowires and the study of their magnetic behavior. The main results are as follows:1. Using sol-gel method, array of fullerene (C₆₀ and C₇₀) nanowires in the pores of porous alumina template membrane was prepared. C₆₀ and C₇₀ nanowires with diameters of 100-300 nm is composed of single crystals. And the longest length of fullerene nanowires is equal to the thickness of alumina template. There are three broad bands appeared at 230, 276 and 364 nm of C₆₀ array which is similar to the C₆₀ sol (215,259 and 340 nm), but has significant red shifts.2. We use sol-gel chemistry to prepare semiconductor CdS nanowires within the pores of porous alumina template membrane. CdS nanowire with diameters of 100-300 nm, and length in 60μm, is composed of single crystal CdS.3. An array of metal (Fe, Co, Ni) nanowires filled within polyaniline nanotubules was obtained using a two-step templae synthesis method. First, an array of polyaniline nanotubules was synthesized in the pores of porous alumina template membrane by polymerization, then it was used as a "second-order template" for electrochemistry deposition metal within the polyaniline nanotubules, which was characterized by SEM and XRD. Their magnetic behavior was studied by VSM, and the data shown that they may be promising candidate for high-density magnetic recording materials with coercive forces range from 119 to 210 Oe for APF, 129 to 180 Oe for APN, and 180 to 209 Oe for APC.4. An array of metal (Fe, Co, Ni) nanowires filled with carbon nanotubules was obtained using three-step template synthesis method. The first two steps just as 3, then the graphitization of polyaniline nanotubules filled with metal were carried out by heat-treatment at different temperature under argon for a period of 30 min～30 h. The carbon nanotubules filled with metal were characterization by SEM, TEM, XRD and Raman spectra. The magnetic behavior of these materials was studied. The data, coercive forces 191.2Oe for ACF, 181.4Oe for ACC, 116.8Oe for ACN, shown that it may be a promising candidate for high-density magnetic recording materials.