Research On The Governance Model Of Eco-functional Zones In China

Ecological environmental protection has always been an important function of the Chinese government. Achieve a harmonious coexistence between human andnature,construction of ecological environment-friendly civil society and the achievement of sustainable development has become the Chinese government's important concepts in governing and rejuvenating. Since the 1990s, the Chinese government attaches great importance to the governance of eco-functional zones and have started returning farmland, protecting natural forests and pasture, soil and water conservation, combating desertification, the Yellow Huai River basin governance and a series of major ecological engineering construction and governance of projects. Government put a huge human, material and financial resources into the governance of eco-functional zones and made some achievements, but the ecological environment of eco-functional zones are worsening, the trend of ecosystem services decline have not fundamentally reversed, human and nature live in harmony far from being met. In order to explore source of weak governance of the eco-functional zones in China, this paper focuses on the governance of eco-functional zones, analyzed the main problems existing in governance. Dig the root causes of ineffective management of the ecological environment, the Chinese government-led management model is a major source of inefficiency of ecological environment governance . Therefore, changing government-led governance model, exploring and building ecological environment governance model consistent with the realities in China are the fundamental path to achieve good governance of eco-functional zones, which has become a fundamental objective of this study. Ecosystem services and natural capital, carrying these functions for the Earth life support systems are critical: they directly or indirectly provide a benefit of mankind, and thus become a part of the global economic value. But in reality, the zone which is carrying a certain ecosystem services and natural capital is the basic concepts of ecological function zone to study in this paper. The eco-functional zones mainly refers to the zones that can provide water conservation, soil conservation, sand-fixing, flood storage, conservation of biodiversity and other ecological services, which are important for the maintenance of ecosystem integrity and ensuring the sustainability of human material support system and the protection of national ecological safety. The governance effectiveness of eco-functional zones is not only the safety of China's ecological environment, but also the bottlenecks to achieve a civilization of China's ecological and environmental friendly society or not. The special properties of eco-functional zones , combined with its important strategic position of ecological environmental protection in China and the social construction of ecological civilization in China ,which make eco-functional zones as the best carrier of China ecological environment governance model change. This paper argues that serious conflict of interest, weak implementation of policy, weak supervision and management, lack of funds, inefficient management, management inefficiency, difficult to achieve management objectives in eco-functional zone governance, which focus reflects the failure of current governance model of eco-functional zones. If we look at the development of protection and construction process of ecological environment, the government has always been the leading position and almost swept planners, policy makers, investors, managers, supervisors, and all other important role in the protection of eco-functional zones, which relys on mandatory approach such as laws , regulations and policies, by restricting, supervision and management for the production and living behavior of multiple stakeholders in the eco-functional zones, to achieve the protection of ecological environment in eco-functional zones. The practical problems of eco-functional zones governance such as long-term, complicated and difficult to achieve management objectives, which has reflected deficiencies and shortcomings of the government-led governance model. This become the basic premise of China's eco-environmental governance model by the government-led to the public governance in this paper.With the increasingly serious of ecological environmental crisis, restoration of ecosystem services, maintenance of regional eco-environmental safety, coordination between ecological protection and economic social development, and achieving sustainable development, which has been reached a high degree of consensus in the international community. In the historical process of searching for effective protection of the ecological environment and realizing the harmonious development of human and nature, the Government-led model and the market mechanism have played a certain role in western developed countries'eco-environmental governance,but failed because properties of public goods of the ecological environment and the complexity and the long-term nature of governance . Since the 1980s,"Governance"is sweeping the world, the implication of the governance concept of"multi-subject","power of multi-center","responsiveness","interactive","openness","transparency","rule of law","fairness"and"effective"and other characteristics,from the multi-dimensional thinking of government, market, civil society, which make it possible from the perspective of a more agile to deal with public issues and increasingly become a new paradigm to analyze and solve social problems. Since the 1990s,"Governance"as a new reform program is very popular in western countries, which has become an important basis of government reform,and has become an important mode to govern public affairs, solve public problems and promote and public interest. The eco-environmental governance has become the third way in getting rid of government failure, market failure and alleviating the ecological crisis and achieving socio-economic sustainable development in developed Western countries. With the deepening of the development of governance theory and practice, western developed countries ,especially the major developed countries in Europe and America have achieved initial success of the public governance model application in the ecological environmental protection. Absorbing the essence of governance theory and learning from the successful governance experience of the major developed countries in Europe and the United States, which are great significance to improve the governance model of the China's eco-functional zones.However,it is undeniable that as a developing theory and application paradigm, public governance model is undergoing major changes, and these changes concern the role of the fundamental adjustments that are in the government and the government, the government and business, government and the market, the government and society , at the same time , these changes involve a range of innovative system design and institutional arrangements.The public governance of ecological environment needs some more support of practical conditions and the social environment. China is in the process of modern change and transformation, as a developing country, China faces even more serious conflicts between economic development and environmental protection, and transitional features of transition have appeared in many areas of society, and these factors will certainly affect the public governance of ecological environment .In view of practical problems ,such as the strong sense of government control in China's eco-function zone management, immature of Social pluralism of the main and low capacity of public participation, which make existing theories and models of public governance into the implementation difficulties,therefore, must be integrated with the actual conditions, to explore the new path of the ecological environment public governance that is in line with China Reality and operational.In term of current state in China, in the construction of ecological civilization society, government and public administration is duty-bound to assume the important responsibilities of the supply of ecological benefits and mission, for ecological benefits that have become a major public benefits orientation. Therefore, government's leading role can not be completely negative for the time being, meta governance in public governance and the role definition of government environmental governance in the developed countries in Europe and America, also keep theory and practical support of the status of government-led. On the other hand, neglect and suppression of the public participation is an important reason for poor management,therefore, mobilize public participation in governance and the formation of pluralism situation is an inevitable choice out of ineffective management of ecological function zones. As China's immature civil society, the lack of consensus on the value of environmental protection, participation capacity,cooperation capacity and other factors, is also difficult to achieve that the public consciously participate in public governance.Therefore,under the premise of the government-led, drawing on success paradigm of stakeholder theory in the corporate governance, concerned about the stakeholders in the ecological environmental protection of ecological function zones, focusing on analysis of their interest demands and conflicts of interest and mobilize stakeholders concerned about the protection of the ecological function zones, creating mechanisms for stakeholder participation in governance ,that is the strategy to improve public governance in china's ecological function zones ,also is the wise move based on the reality of Chinese society.On the basis of a comprehensive analysis of China's ecological function zones management status, problems and fully tap the theoretical basis of public governance for the ecological environment and learn from the successful management experience of the major developed countries in Europe and the United States, combined with the characteristics of China's social development and management reality of China's ecological function zone ,this paper builts the model of government-led-stakeholder participation in governance, trying to use this to guide the management of China's ecological function zones and providing a reference for policy makers, in a sense, achieving the development of Chinese public governance . This paper discusses the theoretical meaning, the basis of construction, and comparative advantage of the government led-stakeholder participation in governance mode ,and explores implementation mechanism of the new model.As a new theory of vision, inadequate inevitably, in this paper, the application scenarios of the government led-stakeholder participation in governance mode are outlooked, and the safeguard mechanism of its implementation are discussed further.And this paper sets up a complete system of the government led-stakeholder participation in governance mode of eco-function zones, achieves a theoretical innovation first and achieves the fundamental purpose of this study.In the writing process, starting from the governance theory perspective, integrated use of public management, administrative science, economics, management and other disciplines frontier theoretical results, drawing on the stakeholder theory in corporate governance, clarifying the complex relations of interests of various stakeholder in China's eco-functional zones governance, deconstructing interest conflict ,and committed to building a government led-stakeholder participation in public governance model.This paper chooses governance as a theoretical basis, that is not a simple introduction to governance theory; Or apply directly application model in public affairs governance, but is intended to consider China's actual social status fully,making governance theory of imported goods take root in the Chinese political and economic environment and achieving local development andinnovation.Particularly to form a new awareness and consideration in the the choice of public governance model in China.