| Urbanization sped up gradually in recent years, which produced a series of traffic problems, especially the low resource utilization, the high cost of travel, the traffic congestion, the environmental pollution and energy shortages, etc, which caused by the rapid growth of passenger cars. Meanwhile, urban land resources are scarce in China. It's unrealistic to meet the rapid growth of urban travel demand via giving large investments to build or extend the urban roads. Thus, to solve the urban transport problems, we must develop public transportation modes, which have the large volume, high efficiency, energy saving and less pollution. Accordingly, many cities introduced a variety of transit priority policies, but the effect was not obvious. Because decision makers don't have the opinion survey results of residents travel mode choice, which results in policy-making does not meet the travel needs of residents. And after the traffic jam situation improves via implementing transit priority measures, some travelers go back to choose the cars mode again. Also, policymakers lack of dynamic quantitative analysis in the data of residents travel time, cost, effectiveness, so they cannot adjust the corresponding policy measures based on real-time data in different periods, and lack of feedback and control to the implementation results of policy and measures. Public transit can not adapt to the traffic demand.Therefore, starting from analyzing the residents travel mode choice behavior, quantifying the factors of travel mode choice, establishing the travel mode choice model and the function of social utility and the travel structure, a more accurate and reliable basis for transit priority policy and measures making can be provided from both theory and practice sides. So that it can meet the growth of travel demand, attract more travelers to choose public transport, and make travel mode structure more reasonable, as well as maximize their social benefits. This is the key to solve the urban transportation problems. The main work and results are detailed below:The concepts characteristics and common methods of two travel survey methods, Revealed Preference Survey (RP) and Stated Preference Survey (SP) are represented. Their advantages and disadvantages are compared as well. In particular, the attributes and the options design methods in SP survey design are discussed. Combining the two surveys, a simple, reasonable and effective resident travel survey is designed, taking Changchun City as a case study. The transit priority measures are considered as assumptions in SP options design, to study the travel mode choice preference in the implementation of transits priority measures.After some comparative analysis between the real travel characteristics and Stated Preference Survey results, the decisive factors are identified in resident travel mode choice, including public transit priority policies and travel time, cost and so on. From some statistical analysis of residents travel survey results, we get the travelers characteristics in Changchun City, travel behavior characteristics and travel preference characteristics in a variety of travel distance, and mode choice characteristics under the influence of all kinds of factors.A resident mode choice MNL model is established based on the principle of utility maximization. Travelers are divided into four categories based on individual monthly income. Choice set includes passenger car, public transit and walking and bike. And two important factors, travel time and cost are the characteristics variables. Estimate parameters after modeling. A travel time value model is established based on the old methods of calculating the travel time value. The income factor is taken into the utility function and the parameters are estimated. Finally the different travel time value is calculated under the influence of a variety of factors.The concept of residents travel social benefits is defined according to the purpose of this study, which is after the implementation of transit priority measures, the difference between residents travel cost savings and the cost of public transit supply. According to residents travel time value, the average travel time and travel costs, average travel cost per trip of different kinds of travelers is calculated. A function and formula of the relationship between residents travel mode structure and social benefits are represented. And the objective function is set as the maximum social benefit, and the constraints are given, then the travel structure is the most reasonable. Using the planning method get the most reasonable travel structure.The basic concept and principles of synergetics theory and the concept, principles, characteristics and applications of self-organizing theory are introduced. The self-organizing principle is applied into the study of resident travel mode structure. First, we define the resident travel mode structural system, compare the similarity between the resident travel mode structural system and the self-organizing system, analyze the self-organizing situation in the resident travel mode choice selection process, get the applicability of applying the self-organizing into the study of residents travel mode choice. Then the system control variables and order parameters are proposed, they are external factors and travel modes. And using mathematical language describes the process of self-organizing system. The order parameter equation of residents travel mode structure are established and solved based on the survey data. The results are the control variable value in the maximum social benefit, whereby the policy makers can develop appropriate strategies and transit priority and traffic control measures.The major innovations are:(1) It is an innovation to apply the synergetics theory into the residents travel behavior analysis. The development of resident travel mode structural system is represented and the resident travel mode model is established based on the self-organizing principle. Then the equation is solved to get reasonable control variables value. So the appropriate traffic control and transit priority measures can be determined based on it.(2) The concept and the computational methods of resident travel social benefits functional are introduced. The objective function of is resident travel social benefits maximization is established, and the constraints are given. Getting the most reasonable travel structure when the social benefits achieve the maximum prove that both the personal travel utility and the social benefits can be maximized at the same time, which provide a specific aim to formulate the transit priority policies and measures.(3) The concept of bus priority policies and measures are quantitated and described mathematically. And its influence can be reflected by the travel time, travel cost and comfort level. To quantize the indicators which were hard to be quantized before can make sure the transit priority policies and measures satisfy the resident travel demand adequately.(4) A simple, practical, rational and efficient resident travel survey is designed combining the SP and RP surveys. This kind of survey is easy to be operated without the huge quantity of samples, and the survey data is much more comprehensive and truer. Meanwhile, the model which was established base on the associated survey data has the better reliability and applicability.The synergetics study on the resident travel mode choice and transit priority policy, and the synergy modeling between the resident travel mode structure and the influence factors, provide a precise and reliable basis for public transit priority measures making, and make all kinds of travel modes achieve their maximum social benefits. Travel mode structure will be more rational. The traffic jams, the travel cost and the energy consumption will be reduced. The road utilization, travel efficiency and environmental quality will be improved. The urban transportation system will get a healthy development and the whole city will achieve sustainable development.
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