| Freshwater resource is a scarce natural resource, so that its value has been envisaged increasingly. Meanwhile, the freshwater resource is one of critical cells maintaining human being life system. It is essential for sustainable use of limited resource to achieve sustainable social, economic and environmental development. Thus, in this dissertation, based on the principle of sustainable development much widely study has been conducted from micro to macro and from institutional to economic and technical issues. Many available and practicable suggestions and conclusions have been put forward.The study merged from the analyses of relationship between sustainable development and sustainable use of water resources, some basic principles about sustainable use of water resources have been set up. In order to implementing these principles, firstly, the value and price of water resources have been studied separately, a model about the sustainable use relationship between value and cost has been funded and it is successfully used to the east route project of water transferring from south to north in China. Secondly, the principles of initial allocation of regional water resources have been studied, in which the essential is to how to coordinate and resolve the relationship between efficiency and equity based on the principle of sustainable development. An allocation methodology that coordinates and takes account of the both has been formulated and the game theory has been used to analysis the conflicts between efficiency and equity in various allocation methods . Thirdly, the water rights and their trading institutions have been studied in details. The trading incentives and criteria of water resources have been drawn up. According to marketing economy, new trading institutions, including leasing via temporary market, sale and leaseback and option development etc., have been developed, in which the standard steps for leasing via temporary market have been involved and a price model of option development has been founded, too. Through the trade of option development, the risks of price fluctuation can bevoided and the competition capacity can be enhanced. Further, in light of the mathematic functions among price, efficiency and equity, the effects/impacts of water pricing methodologies on efficiency and equity in water resources reallocation have been analyzed, the results are that different pricing methods have distinguish impacts on efficiency for water resources uses while they have few impacts on equity for incomes due to reallocation of water resources. Fourthly, because the regional water resources have some features of river basin, an Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) has been suggested for the efficient management of regional water resources, where the basic criteria and intensions of IWRM have been analyzed. In order to the IWRM for regional water resources, the enabling environments, the institutional roles and the management instruments will be needed. Finally, based on all studied mentioned above and according to the characteristics of regional water resources and sustainable use principles, the 19 strategies for water conservation in a region have been developed. And in order to implementing these strategies, the prediction for a mid- and long-period water demands of customers have been made, including ecological and environmental demands for water resources. By use of IQQM (Integrated Quality and Quantity Model) software system, the water balance between supply and demand has been planed"in a specified region in Northern Jiangsu province. The conclusions are long-period balance can be achieved in precondition to constructing engineering infrastructures, popularizing modern technologies, reforming out-dated management institutions and issuing water management laws and compulsory regulations.
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