Research On Pedestrian Traffic Characteristics In Special Events

Effective pedestrian traffic management, planning and control are needed in crowded special event, which also needs good pedestrian traffic service in the whole course. Otherwise, pedestrian will meet inconvience and uncomfortable environment. Furthermore, hidden trouble and public safety risk will rise, resulting in injury.To resolve the probable problem of pedestrian traffic during special event, the pedestrian ingress-egress flow, traffic characteristics and behaviours in special events were analyzed. Based on the rule, pedestrian simulation will provide valid comparison parameters. The countermeasure will properly be used in systemic pedestrian management and planning method.According to experience and results on ingress-egress and related management, pedestrian traffic flow characteristics and behaviours, the rules in other countries differ from that of China, for the difference on environment and social customs. Pedestrian researches mostly focus on police control, fire safety and architectural design in China, which is lack of pedestrian traffic characters and behaviors researches in special events in transportation field. The data of pedestrian traffic flow is thin and weak in China comparing the rapid development of society. Systemic researches on pedestrian ingress-egress flow, traffic flow characters and pedestrian behaviors are needed. The pedestrian management method is also in need indeed based on Chinese pedestrian traffic characters.Based on local observation and measurement, SP questionnaire investigation, the new and plenty of Chinese pedestrian ingress-egress character, traffic characteristics and behaviours are analysis and the relationship laws are gotten. The analysis models will be useful for further research and practice.Pedestrian constitution and the ingress-egress rule are analyzed in different special events. In temporal categories, the ingress and egress models for pedestrian flow are built for forecast on pedestrian flow distribution, in which the key criteria of flow rate and accumulative percentage can be gotten. Egress time forecast model was also built based on number of seats and exit gate in venue. Gini assemble indicator can used for evaluation, with illustration on the course under different management conditions. The trend and random characters are analyzed for fluctuation by time serial and white noise method. The research on fluctuation of the pedestrian flow will enrich the quantitive indicators in management and control. Pedestrian speed is a basic parameter in traffic flow characters. The gender, platoon constitutions, walking field, trip purpose and the linked constitution all are influence factors for pedestrian. The speed database is provided by observation and statistical analysis, which is the basement for related works. Pedestrian traffic model among speed, density and flow, are constructed in the flat ground and stairs. The capacity of pedestrian facilities are gotten based on the relationships of the parameters. According to the queue in special events, capacities of related queue channels are provided based on observation.The level of service (LOS) relates to pedestrian traffic flow characters and individual recept deeply. The proper LOS indicators for Chinese pedestrian traffic characteristics were provided according to the disciplines on traffic and recept, which will be the fittable standard for evaluation and comparison.Pedestrian recept and behaviours effect the management directly in special event. Based on plenty of questionnaire in SP survey, the pedestrian behaviours models in crowd are constructed with Logit method, with variables of gender type, height type and age type. The influence of walking distance, traffic environment and information guidance on route choice are also used in pedestrian route choice model, which is tested for valid and precise in illustration on variables.Based on traditional indicators in traffic flow indexes in quantitive analysis, order level and entropy are provided in evaluation method for abundant and systematic comparison rules.Systematic management and planning on design and control, the principles will be the basic guidance for special event with integrated pedestrian traffic characteristics, behaviours and practical simulation methods. Simulation is an effective method on traffic test on management and case comparison, which is also tested for valid based on ingress-egress, traffic flow and behaivour character. The quantitive indicators and planning method were tested based on pedestrian management in Olympic Games directly. The original and primary research results on pedestrian ingress-egress discipline, traffic characters, pedestrian behaivours and evaluation indicators and method, will provide basic indicators, rule, principle and systematic method for special event pedestrian management in China in the future.