Analyses On Energy Consumption Characteristics And Energy Conservation Evaluation Of Urban Residential Buildings Based On The Statistical Methodologies

With the rapid growth of the economy and the great improvement of living standard, residential building energy conservation has become the necessity for sustainable development in China. It is very meaningful to analyze the characteristics of residential energy consumption and its influence factors in the round, and further scientifically evaluate the rationalities of current energy consumption actualities in different cities and the interactions between residential energy use and diversified social or architectural integrants and so on, so as to get a full understanding of inherent properties of residential energy consumption, reasonably manage its development, and impel the building energy conservation work finally. Therefore, in this dissertation, the methodology of national residential energy consumption investigation is worked out based on the related statistical theories, and the large scale investigations of residential energy consumption were taken in typical cities of the five architecture thermotechnical zones according to the established investigation method; the statistical analyses on the characteristics and influence factors of residential energy consumption are made in each city; the evaluation models are created to evaluate the residential energy systems in different cities.A new concept of residential energy system is put forward. This concept is consist of residential energy consumption amounts, house unit characteristics, household characteristics, basic information of energy consuming appliances, running/status information and the situation exterior to the buildings, so as to reflect the characteristics of residential energy consumption, the complicated effect factors, and their relationship among them. Based on the new concept, the methodology of national residential energy consumption investigation is worked out, considering the respective social situations, technologies and energy consumption specialties of the five architecture thermotechnical zones. The investigation indices, questionnaires and the organization way of the investigations constitute the method. The indices can reflect the different energy consumption structures and various energy consuming systems in various zones, and are included reasonably in the questionnaires, while the organization way is propitious to the actualization of the national investigation.Nine representative cities in the five architecture thermotechnical zones are selected to make the investigations of residential energy consumption in summer and winter by the investigation method above, namely Harbin and Urumqi in the frozen zone, Xi'an and Beijing in the cold zone, Shanghai, Changsha and Chongqing in the hot summer and cold winter zone, Kunming in the moderate zone, and Hongkong in the hot summer and warm winter zone. House unit characteristics, household characteristics, basic information of energy consuming appliances and their running/status information of the investigated families in each city are specified, as well as the residential energy consumption in both summer and winter. Interval estimation of household mean energy use amounts is further calculated for the collectivity of residential buildings in each city. Besides that, Changsha and Shaoyang are chosen to master the annual energy consumption peculiarities. The end use amounts of space heating and cooling, lighting, cooking and water heating, and other appliances are roughly calculated by the end-use estimation method.The influences factors of summer and winter energy consumption in these cities and annual energy consumption in Changsha and Shaoyang are found from four aspects of house unit characteristics, household characteristics, basic information of energy consuming appliances and their running/status information, by Quantification Theory I. The effective approaches to save energy are also discussed accordingly. Thanks to the Quantification Theory I, both the quantitative and qualitative variables can be introduced into the model and the influences of different items in each qualitative variable can be further analyzed, so as to overcome the shortcoming of traditional multianlaysis. The analyses show that house unit characteristics, the utilization of space heaters and coolers and water heaters, household characteristics, and the different locations of the cities all contribute to the energy use; there are some commonness in influences factors among the cities with the similar climate, but each city has its own characteristics, such as there exist the differences in the influence factors and their effect extents among different cities. Hence the corresponding countermeasures should be adopted based on the status in the cities.The clustering evaluations are made, from the angle of the basic unit of residential energy use—each residence, to classify the families with the same magnitude of energy consumption amounts into the same group in each city by Corresponding Analysis, and further to find out the corresponding reasons resulting in the energy consumption quantities in each family group. Reasonable suggestions are made for the high-energy-use family groups in each city accordingly.A full-scale consideration should be given to the comprehensive evaluation of the residential energy system. The evaluation indices consist of building energy consumption amounts, indoor thermal environment, other interior factors, exterior institutions, environment benefit, and social and economic benefit. The evaluation model of the residential energy system is created by Quantification Theory III and applied to evaluate both the summer and winter residential energy systems of different cities. The advantages of Quantification Theory III are to use 0 and 1 as the response values of the qualitative indices and then to quantify the qualitative indices by calculations based on multianalysis methods, so that it is no need marking by experts.The main innovations in this dissertation are shown as follows:(1) An indices system of residential energy consumption is developed, covering six aspects of residential energy consumption amounts, house unit characteristics, household characteristics, basic information of energy consuming appliances, running/status information and the situation exterior to the buildings, and it reflects the characteristics of residential energy use and its influence factors in the round.(2) The methodology of the national residential energy use investigations is worked out based on the above indices system of residential energy consumption. Representative characteristics of energy consuming appliances and energy use structures of the five zones can be reflected by actualizing this methodology.(3) The investigations of residential energy use are carried out in the five architecture climate zones. The investigation items are comprehensive and the investigations are organized in a scientific way. The investigation method is uniform in each city so that the comparisons could be made among these cities. The respective characteristics of residential energy use in each zone have been reflected.(4) The four consecutive steps of designing investigation methods, statistical investigations, statistical analyses and energy conservation evaluation are taken as an integrated research system, and the statistics methodology is used as the theoretical basis of each step. The whole research is carried out according to the above research thought so that it is guided directed by the theories. Quantification Theory is used to analyze the influence factors of residential energy use in five architecture climate zones. Family clustering and their corresponding influence factors are shown vividly in one principal divisor figure by Corresponding Analysis.