The Approach To Technology Transformation Of IPM On Rice And Cotton

Researchers working with a wide range of crops around the world proved the technical feasibility of IPM and important successes were achieved in the field. But the challenge of large-scale implementation in developing countries, where small-scale farmers account for the bulk of agricultural production, appeared to be insurmountable. The general belief was that 1PM was too complicated for illiterate farmers and that more research was needed before effective IPM techniques could be introduced. The top-down extension of these packages did not give farmers the knowledge they needed to make the adjustments to local-specific conditions. The IPM farmer field school (FFS) is season-long participatory training where farmers study the agro-ecosystem of their fields and search for and test solutions for specific problems by conducting experiments that they design themselves. Through learning, farmers become experts IPM farmer field school is participatory ecological approach, which consists of curriculum development, participatory agro-ecosystem analysis (AESA) and participatory field research on IPM.Based on prior research on participatory activities, this paper systematically studied on establishment of farmer field school (Farmer Field School, FFS), curriculum developments, methodologies and contents of the FFS IPM as well as the role and a post of FFS in the transformation of IPM technology. With adoption of participatory theory, the dynamic model of IPM FFS adapted to smallholder fanners with limited literacy and capacity is proposed through practices on facilitation of IPM FFS for rice and cotton.As a conclusion, IPM farmer field school is one of effective approach to dissemination of IPM. As compositions of the IPM principle, "grow healthy crop" is the essential, "conservation of natural enemies" is the basic guarantee, "observe field weekly" is the main methodology as well as the key of farmers being experts, "farmers understand ecology as experts in their own fields" was the goal of the farmer field school. The IPM FFS will make the evolution of the perception of IPM "for farmers" to "with farmers" until to "by farmers".A series of natures of the IPM FFS is described with necessity and essential theory. The impact IPM FFS on enhancement of capacity of farmers on identification, analysis and decision-making as well as the correlation of the FFS with environmental protection and integrated management of the ecosystem are justified. In addition the role of the FFS in a procedure of efficient transformation of IPM technology is highlighted. It is suggested that the IPM FFS could be a new approach to IPM technology transformation and an exploration to a revolutionary reform of traditional extension mechanism and methodologies targeting smallholder farmer-groups.A season-long agro-ecosystem analysis (AESA) was adopted to weekly observation of crop field on...