| Hunan is located the middle reaches of Yangtse river and humid subtropical monsoon climate region.Hunan is one of high quality tobacco-growing areas,and tobacco production possess consequence in China.The evaluating system of flue-cured tobacco quality were constructed by adopting mathematical statistics,geo-statistical analysis with flue-cured tobacco samples of B2F,C3F,X2F grades from tobacco-growing areas of Hunan in 2001,2002,2003,2005;statistical description,grade difference,cultivars difference,grown years difference,ecological regions difference,prefectures difference,county difference,spatial distribution of flue-cured tobacco quality in Hunan,including appearance quality,physical properties,customary chemical components,chiefly fragrant precursor,neutral volatile aroma components,alkaloids,smoking quality,smoke characteristics,were analyzed;indexes difference and similitude degree of flue-cured tobacco quality were compared on Zimbabwe, Brazil with Hunan;appearance quality,chemical components,smoking quality,smoke characteristics of flue-cured tobacco in tobacco-growing counties of Hunan were synthetically evaluated;correlation of evaluating indexes of tobacco leaf quality were explored.The main results are as follows:1,The evaluating quantitatively system of appearance quality of flue-cured tobacco was constructed by adopting expert consultation,multiple statistics,fuzzy mathematics, geo-statistical analysis et al.There are extreme significance correlation between evaluating indexes of appearance quality.The sequence of the appearance quality score:X2F＜B2F＜C3F, and the score difference was extreme significance in different grades.There was not statistical difference of appearance quality score in different cultivars.The sequence of the appearance quality score:Xiangnan＜Xiangzhong＜Xiangxibei,and the score difference was extreme significance in different ecological regions.The appearance quality index in spatial distribution reduced gradually from the high score area in west Hunan to the low score area in east Hunan, and the spatial difference of appearance quality index was distinctness.The styles of appearance quality of flue-cured tobacco in Hunan concentrate mainly on number three and number two,and less on number one.The difference of styles of appearance quality was distinctness in different grades and ecological regions.The county including Sangzhi,Huayuan, Xingning,Xinhuang,Longshan,et al have better score of appearance quality of synthetically evaluation.2,Flue-cured tobacco of Hunan province took on open leaf structure,good filling capacity, stronger absorbing power;it is fit for appending spicery and other addition;but its coefficient of variation of physical properties are corresponding big.The difference of leaf length with leaf width proportion,weight per leaf,stem ratio,thickness of leaf,weight per unit leaf area in different grades were extreme significance level.The difference of leaf length with leaf width proportion,thickness of leaf,stem ratio,weight per unit leaf area,weight per unit leaf volume and balance water ratio in different prefectures were extreme significance or significance level. The difference of stem ratio,thickness of leaf,weight per unit leaf area,weight per unit leaf volume and balance water ratio in different ecological regions were extreme significance level.3,The concentration of total sugar is slightly higher.The concentration of reducing sugar is in the normal range.The concentration of total alkaloid of upper leaves is on the high side. The concentration of total nitrogen is in fitting value range.The concentration of chlorine is on the low side.The concentration of potassium is in fitting value range.The concentration of sulfur is on the high side.The concentration of starch is in fitting value range.The concentration difference of total sugar,reducing sugar,the total alkaloid,total nitrogen, potassium,chlorine,sulfur and ash in different grades were extreme significance level,but starch not.There was not statistical difference of chemical components in main cultivars.The difference of total sugar,reducing sugar,the total alkaloid,total nitrogen,potassium,chlorine and sulfur in different growing years were extreme significance level,but ash not.Chemical components of flue-cured tobacco in Hunan have obvious geographical distribution;the difference of chemical components in different ecological regions and different prefectures were extreme significance or significance level.4,The concentration difference of alkaloid in different grades were extreme significance level.There was not statistical difference of alkaloid in different cultivars.The concentration difference of nicotine and anatabine of C3F grade in different ecological regions only were extreme significance or significance level.The concentration difference of alkaloid in different prefectures were extreme significance level.5,The average of polyphenol and amino acid content all were were a normal value range. the proportion of saturated fatty acids is bigger.The average of total non-volatile organic acids content is on the better value range in China.The carotenoid content than the chlorophyll content is more than five times.The difference of polyphenols,amino acid,palmitic acid, saturated fatty acids,unsaturated fatty acids,total fatty acid,stearic acid,oleinic acid,linoleic acid + linolenic acid,the proportion of saturated senior fatty acids,oxalic acid,malonic acid, malic acid and smoke mellow index in different grades were extreme significance level.There were not statistical difference of polyphenols,amino acid,senior fatty acids,non-volatile organic acids and chromoplast pigments content in main cultivars:K326,Yunyan87, Yunyan85.The senior fatty acids,saturated fatty acids and smoke mellow index have the increasing tendency year by year;the total organic acid content has the falling tendency year by year.There were not statistical difference of polyphenols,stearic acid,oleic acid,linoleic acid + linolenic acid,the proportion of saturated senior fatty acids,succinic acid,chlorophyll,carotene, the ratio of chlorophyll and carotenoids in different ecological regions and different prefectures. The difference of palmitic acid,total unsaturated fatty acid,total fatty acid,oxalic acid,malic acid,citric acid,total organic acid content,smoke mellow index and carotenol in different ecological regions and different prefectures were extreme significance or significance level.6,The difference of neophytadiene,megastigmatrienone A,megastigmatrienone B, megastigmatrienone C,megastigmatrienone D,β-damascone,3-oxo-ionone,geranylacetone, degraded components of carotenoids,degraded components of chromoplast pigments in different grades were extreme significance or significance level.There were not statistical difference of degraded components of chromoplast pigments content in main cultivars.The neophytadiene,degraded components of carotenoids,degraded components of chromoplast pigments and the ratio of neophytadiene with degraded components of carotenoids have the increasing tendency year by year.There were not statistical difference of megastigmatrienone C, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one in different ecological regions and different prefectures;but the difference of neophytadiene,megastigmatrienone A,megastigmatrienone B, megastigmatrienone D,β-damascone,3-oxo-ionone,3-oxo-ionol,geranylacetone, dihydroactinplide,degraded components of carotenoids,degraded components of chromoplast pigments,the ratio of neophytadiene with degraded components of carotenoids were extreme significance or significance level.The degraded components of chromoplast pigments content of flue-cured tobacco in most of the Xiangzhong sample were higher than other ecological regions.There were little differences in the Xiangnan sample of flue-cured tobacco of degraded components of chromoplast pigments content and Xiangxibei.The total degraded components of chromoplast pigments in regional distribution reduced gradually from the high content area of the central Hunan Province to both the west and southeast.7,The difference of solanone and total cembranoids in different grades were extreme significance level,but oxo-solanone content not.There were not statistical difference of solanone,oxo-solanone and total cembranoids content in different cultivars.The solanone, oxo-solanone and total cembranoids content have the increasing tendency year by year.The difference of cembranoids compounds in different prefectures were extreme significance level;but not in different ecological regions.There was a high value area of total cembranoids content in the northwest district of Hunan;there were two low value area of total cembranoids content in the northwestern corner of Hunan,Changsha prefecture,respectively.8,The difference of benzyl alcohol,benzaldehyde,phenylethanol,phenylacetaldehyde, indole and total phenylalanine degradation in different grades and different growing years were extreme significance or significance level,but not in different cultivars.The total phenylalanine degradation has the increasing tendency year by year.The difference of benzyl alcohol, benzaldehyde,phenylacetaldehyde,indole and total phenylalanine degradation in different ecological regions were extreme significance or significance level,but only indole in different prefectures.The regional distribution trend of total phenylalanine degradation is a low value area in northeastern of Hunan,that is a high value area in southeast,southwest,northwest.9,The difference of furfural,5-methyl furfural,acetylpyrrole,dihydrofuranone, 4-cyclopentene-1,3- dione content in different grades were extreme significance or significance level,but dihydrofuranone,2,4-heptadienal and total Maillard reaction products were not.There were not statistical difference of furfurol,furfural,acetylpyrrole,dihydrofuranone, 2,4-heptadienal,4-cyclopentene-1,3- dione and total Maillard reaction products content in different cultivars.The furfurol,furfural,acetylpyrrole,dihydrofuranone,2,4-heptadienal, 4-cyclopentene-1,3- dione and total Maillard reaction products content have the increasing tendency year by year.The difference of furfurol,5-methyl furfural,4-cyclopentene-1,3- dione and total Maillard reaction products content in different ecological regions were extreme significance or significance level.The difference of furfurol,5-methyl furfural,acetylpyrrole, dihydrofuranone,2,4-heptadienal,4-cyclopentene-1,3- dione and total Maillard reaction products content in different prefectures were extreme significance or significance level.The total Maillard reaction products in regional distribution reduced gradually from the high content area of the central Hunan Province to the situation around.10,The sequence of the neutral volatile aroma components content:neophytadiene＞degraded components of carotenoids＞total phenylalanine degradation＞total cembranoids＞total Maillard reaction products,and the score difference was extreme significance in different grades.The top five counties of the neutral volatile aroma components content of flue-cured tobacco of Hunan similar to Zimbabwe:Yongding,Jiahe,Xintian,Yizhang,Lanshang;the top five counties of the neutral volatile aroma components content of flue-cured tobacco of Hunan similar to Brazil:Zhijiang,Shanzhi,Longhui,Xintian,Yongding.11,The aroma type of flue-cured tobacco is strong but on the center side in main growing areas of Hunan;aroma quality is better;aroma volume is less rich;offensive is lower;strength is moderate;irritation property is slightly larger;concentration is moderate;after-taster is moderate;Combustibility is better;ash color is gray.The compatibility and availability of flue-cured tobacco of Hunan being good,it can be used as main ingredient of cigarette,one of them can be used as main ingredient of top grade cigarette.The smoking quality of C3F grade is best,B2F grade is better,X2F grade is good.There was not statistical difference of smoking quality in different cultivars.The difference of smoking quality in different growing years were extreme significance or significance level.The difference of smoking quality in different ecological regions and different prefectures were extreme significance or significance level. The smoking quality of Xiangzhong is relatively poor.12,In main flue-cured tobacco growing areas of Hunan,the cigarette weight coefficient of variation is relative big;there was not statistical difference of the cigarette weight in different grade;the difference of the cigarette weight was not obvious in different cultivars;the cigarette weight has the falling tendency year by year;there was not statistical difference of the cigarette weight in different ecological regions and different prefectures.The puff number coefficient of variation is relative small;the difference of the puff number in different grade was extreme significance level;the difference of the puff number was not obvious in different cultivars;the difference of the puff number in different grow years was extreme significance level;there was not statistical difference of the puff number in different ecological regions and different prefectures.The total particulate matter coefficient of variation is relative small;the difference of total particulate matter in different grade was extreme significance level;the difference of total particulate matter was not obvious in different cultivars;the total particulate matter has the falling tendency year by year;there was not statistical difference of total particulate matter in different ecological regions and different prefectures.The smoke water coefficient of variation is relative big;the difference of the smoke water in different grade was extreme significance level;the difference of the smoke water was not obvious in different cultivars;the difference of the smoke water in different grow years was extreme significance level;there was not statistical difference of the smoke water in different ecological regions and different prefectures.The smoke nicotine coefficient of variation is relative big;the difference of the smoke nicotine in different grade was extreme significance level;the difference of the smoke nicotine was not obvious in different cultivars;the difference of the smoke nicotine in different grow years was extreme significance level;the difference of the smoke nicotine was not obvious in different ecological regions and different prefectures.The tar per one cigarette coefficient of variation is relative small;the difference of tar per one cigarette in different grade was extreme significance level;the difference of tar per one cigarette was significance level in different cultivars;the tar per one cigarette has the falling tendency year by year;there was not statistical difference of t tar per one cigarette in different ecological regions;the difference of tar per one cigarette was not obvious in different prefectures.The tar per gram tobacco shred coefficient of variation is relative small;the difference of tar per gram tobacco shred in different grade was extreme significance level;the difference of tar per gram tobacco shred was significance level in different cultivars;the tar per gram tobacco shred has the increasing tendency year by year;the difference of tar per gram tobacco shred was not obvious in different ecological regions and prefectures.The county including Daoxian,Anren,Changning,Xinning,Guiyang have better score of smoke security of synthetically evaluation in B2F grade;the county including Daoxian, Anren,Changning,Xinning,Yongxin have better score of smoke security of synthetically evaluation in C3F grade;the county including Daoxian,Xinning,Huayuan,Xintian, Ningyuanhave better score of smoke security of synthetically evaluation in X2F grade.12,Adopting simple correlation analysis,canonical correlation analysis,gray correlation analysis,regression analysis,et al,correlations of evaluating indexes of flue-cured tobacco quality were explored,the quantitative relationship between any two tobacco quality evaluating index was definitized,many qualitative and quantitative characters of tobacco leaf quality evaluating index were clarified.This study systematically explained the regional characteristics of flue-cured tobacco quality in main producing areas of Hunan;spatial distribution of flue-cured tobacco quality evaluating index in Hunan were analyzed by adopting Kriging method;correlations of evaluating indexes of flue-cured tobacco quality were studied comprehensively by using large samples which come from the same spot;its conclusion have some important reference value that know roundly flue-cured tobacco quality and constitute planting division in Hunan;its research methods have certain reference.
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