Study On Mechanism And Key Technology Of Cultivation Of Zanthoxylum Piperitum De Candolle

The mechanism and key technology of cultivation of 4 introduced Zanthoxylum piperitum DC varieties(Putao shanjiao,Zhaocang shanjiao,Liujin shanjiao and Hua shanjiao) were studied.Cold resistance of Z.piperitum DC and comparison samples of Qinan and Shanxi Dahongpao were assessed by seed germination,and sulable sugar,sulable protein,free amino acids,free proline and fresh weight of young seedlings,and relative electrical conductivity and SOD,POD,MDA of 1-yr-old branches under low temperature,and freezing injury of young plants in winter.The semilethal temperature(LT₅₀) based on Logistic regression equations of electrical conductivity and temperature of Hua shanjiao,Putao shanjiao,Zhaocang shanjiao,Liujin shanjiao,Shannxi Dahongpao and Qinan were-16.2℃,-14.5℃,-16.9℃,-15.0℃, -13.6℃,and-17.8℃,respectively.The light compensation point,light saturation point and apparent quantum yield of 4 measured varieties were 24.0～47.1μmol.m^-2.s^-1,851.3～1047.3μmol.m^-2.s^-1 and 0.026～0.035,respectively.The content of ABA,soluble protein in sticks took on "up-down" trends.The content of IAA/ABA and(IAA+GA₃+ZR) /ABA increased with soluble sugar,free amino acids,and free proline decreasing on the course of buds developed from deep dormancy to breeking.The rank of four endogenous hormones in the branches was ABA＞IAA＞GA₃＞ZR.Chilling requirement for leaf bud breaking was 685h according to 0-7.2℃model.And effective accumulated temperature=5℃was 400℃.There was about 180,000 pollens per anther of Hua shanjiao.The germination rate of pollen was about 10%.Under natural condition,fruit setting rate of flowers was 1.44%～5.91%.The offspring reproduced by seeds degraded seriously compared to their parients.The key factor influencing grafting survival rate of Z.piperitum DC was grafting period.Grafting survival rate was closly related to air humidity,ground surface and soil temperature during grafting period.And had higher correlation degree with meteorological factors of 1～5d before Grafting and 6～10d after Grafting.The system of tissue culture was established for this study.Young shoots and semi-lignified branches were effective to be explants in April and May.The best media of liferation were MS+6-BA1.0mg.L^-1+IBA0.2mg.L^-1+3.0%Sucrose+0.6% Beilining and MS+6-BA0.5mg.L^-1+IBA0.1 mg.L^-1 +3.0%Sucrose+0.6%Beilining at first cultural stage,and second cultural stage after several times subcultures.The best rooting medium was 1/4MS+NAA0.3 mg.L^-1+2.5%Sucrose+0.6%Beilining.The ex-vitro rooting and survival rates of tube seedlings were 90.7%and 88.2% respectively while cultivated 45 days in vermiculite under 22～28℃and 95%～100%RHs conditions.The fruit setting rate of artificial pollinated flowers increased to 52.46%～78.25%.The essential oil content of Putao shanjiao and Zhaocang shanjiao was about 1.18～1.82 times of that of Z.bungeanum Maxim.There were 6.80%～13.55% non-volatility ether extraction and 9.37%～12.17%alcohol extraction in pericarps.The content of crude protein of Z.piperitum DC buds ranged from 27.6% to 35.3%.Score of amino acid ratio coefficient(SRC) was 74.20～76.39.Bud yield was extremely related to basal diameter,height,and crown of the trees.The suggested spacing of 1-yr-old Zhaocang shanjiao were 5cm×15cm to yield buds.The yield achieved by the culture model was 363.43～605.30g.m^-2.