Studies On The Constituents And Biological Activities Of Ixeris Sonchifolia

Ixeri.s sonch~folia (Bge.) Hance (Family Compositae) is abundantly distributed throughout the northeastern China. It is a small, about 0.4 m tall perennial herb commonly found in dry places. It has been used as a folk medicine in invigarating circulation of blood, nonnalizing menstruation, and eliminating blood stasis to relieve pain in China.In our investigation of biologically active and/or structurally novel substances from L sonch~fo1ia, 46 compounds were isolated with porous resin (Dl0l), silica gel, sepbadex LH-20, polyamide, HPLC, etc. Among them, 40 compounds were elucidated on the basis of chemical and spectral methods. The thirteen new compounds were named as sonchifolactone A [3 - hydroxy -l (10), 3-guaiadiene-12, 6-olide-2-onej (1), sonchifolactone B (1 (10), 3, 11 (13)-guaiaUiene-12, 6-olide-2-one-3-0-[6?4?hydroxybenzyl ethanoxy)]- P -D-glucopyranoside} (2), sonchifolactone C [8 a 11 -dihydroxy- 1 (10), 3-guaiadiene- 12, 6-olide -2-one -15-0- P .-D-glucopyranoside] (3), sonchifolactone D [8 a -hydroxy-l (10), 3-guaiadiene-12, 6-olide-2-one-3-0- P-D-glucopyranoside] (4), soncbifolignan A { 1- (4?hydroxy -3-methoxyphenyl)-2-[4-(3-OP -D-glucopyranoxypropyl)-2- methoxyphenoxy]-l, 3-propanediol (thero)} (5), sonchifoignan B { 1- (4-hydroxy -3-methoxyphenyl) - 2 - [4 - (3 - 0 - P - D glucopyranoxypropyl) - 2 - methoxyphenoxy] - 1, 3 - propanediol (erythro)} (6),sonchifolinin(7),luteolin-7-O-j3-D-glucuronopyranosideethylester(8),?taraxastane-20-ene-3 P, 16 a -dihydroxy-3-acetate (9), ixeris saponin A [echinocystic acid3-0- P -D-glucopyranosyl.-(1 梸 3)- a -L-arabinopyranoside] (10), ixeris saponin B {3-0-[bis- P -D-glucopyranosyl-(1 梸-2 and 1 梸3)- a -L-arabinopyranosyl] echinocystic acid 28-0- P -D-glucopyranosyl ester} (11), ixeris saponin C {3-0-[ P -D-glucopyranosyl-(13)-P -D-glucopyranosyl] hederagenin 28-0- P -D-glucopyranosyl ester} (12), ixerissaponin D {echinocystic acid 3-0 - P - D - glucopyranosyl - (1梸3) - P - D -0glucopyranosyl - (1 棏-3) - [P - D - glucopyranosyl - (1 棏-2)) ?arabinopyranoside} (13);together with twenty-seven known compounds: luteolin (14), luteolin-7-0 - P - D -4ARSTRCTglucopyranoside (15), luteolin-7-0 - P - D - glucuronopyranoside (16), luteolin-7-0 - P-D - glucuronopyranoside methyl ester (17), luteolin-7-0-gentiobiside (18), 7-0- P-D-glucopyranosyl-luteolin-3?O- P -D-glucopyranoside (19), apigenin (20), apigenin - 7 0 - P - D - glucopyranoside (21), apigenin - 7 - 0 - P - D - glucuronopyranoside (22), apigenin-7-0 - P - D -glucuronopyranoside methyl ester (23), 5, 7-dihydroxy-4?methoxy-flavone-7-0 -rutinoside (24), oleanlic acid (25), taraxasteryl acetate (26), taraxaster-20-en-30-aI acetate (27), lupeol (28), 3 P-hydroxyolean- 12-en-il-one acetate (29), 3 P -hydroxyurs- 12-en-il-one acetate (30), 1 P, 2 a, 3 P, 4 a -1, 2-dimethyl-3, 4 -bis - (2, 4, 5 - trimethoxyphenyl) - cyclobutane (31), 1, 3-dihydroxy-pyrimidine (32), adenosine (33), (E)-2, 5-dihydroxy cinnamic acid (34), succinic acid (35), palmitic acid (36), linoleic acid (37), ceryl alcohol (38), P -sitosterol (39), daucosterol (40). Among them, compounds 16, 19, 23, 24, 29, 30, 31, and 32 were isolated from this genus for the first time; compounds 16, 17,19, 23, 24, 26, 27, 29, 30, 31, and 32 were isolated from this plant for the first time.A review on the structure elucidation of guaianolides from the Ixeris genus was provided, including IR, MS, and NMIR spectra based on the references.We tested the cytotoxic activity of 22 compounds against human cervicoma (HeLa), human melanoma (A3 75), and murine pheumoepithelial carcinoma (L929) cell lines using MTT assay. The studies on the structure-activity relationship of these compounds were also investigated. We found that guaianolides and triterpenoidal saponins had strong cytotoxicity.Sonchifolignan showed significant cytotoxicity against HeLa., A375, and L929 cell lines. The further experiments found that it can induce apopto...