| Schisandraceae belongs to the family of Magnoliales, which contains two genera, Schisandra and Kadsura. There are ca. 60 species all over the world and 29 species in China. The fruits of S. chinensis and S. sphenanthera are accepted as Wu-Wei-Zi and Nan-Wu-Wei-Zi respectively by the Chinese Pharmacopeia (2000) as tonic and anti-tussive agents. Many other Schisandra plants, such as S. rubriflora and S. henryi etc. are used in folk medicine as substitutions of Wu-Wei-Zi. Stems and barks of Schisandraceae plants are often used as Xue-Teng for treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, gastric and duodenal ulcer. For example, the stems of K. heteroclita are used as Ji-Xue-Teng. In China, there are more than 20 Schisandraceae species have been used as medicines.Lignans and triterpenes isolated from Schisandraceae plants exhibited various biological activities including lowering SGPT level, protecting liver from chemical damage, modulating the central nerve system, anti-HIV, antioxidate and anti-HIV activites. In order to find more anti-HIV compounds from Schisandraeceae plants, three species of medicinal plants K. renchangiana, S. rubriflora and K. heteroclita were investigated phytochemically for the bioactive principles.Many Schisandraceae species are the important medicinal resource. It is very difficult to specify them only through the traditional methods at the level of taxonomy, because the high similarity of the parts, including the fruits, stems and barks, used as drugs. Establishment of the DNA fingerprints will be very helpful to identify different Schisandraceae species at the molecular level. ISSR can provide scientific proofs and technical supports for finding, protecting and using the good-quality medicinal germplasm resource of Schisandraceae. Therefore, ISSR molecular markers were generated from ten Schisandraceae medicinal plants in the present study.1. Phytochemical investigation on the ether soluble extract of the stems of Kadsura renchangiana led to the isolation of 21 compounds; 15 of them were identified with UV, IR, CD, MS and NMR spectra. There are 6 lignans, 5 triterpenes and 4 other types of compounds. Their structures were elucidated as renchangianin A(KR-1) , renchangianin B (KR-2) , renchangianin C (KR-3) , renchangianin D(KR-4) , renchanglactone A (KR-5) , kadsulactone A (KR-6) , (+)-anwulignan(KR-7) , meso-dihydroguaiaretic acid (KR-8) , mawuweizic acid (KR-9) , P-sitosterol ( KR-10 ) , cinnamic acid ( KR-11 ) , (+)-catechin ( KR-12 ) ,3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid (KR-13) , ganwuweizic acid (KR-14) and kadsuric acid(KR-15)O Renchangianin A (KR-1) , renchangianin B (KR-2) , renchangianin C(KR-3) , renchangianin D (KR-4) and renchanglactone A (KR-5) were newcompounds, and other compounds were isolated from this species for the first time.Renchangianin D (KR-5) possesses an exocyclic epoxy system between C(7) andCH2(17). This is the first time to find the lignan with a novel three-membered etherring in the plants of Schisandraceae family.2. Phytochemical investigation on the ether soluble extract of the fruits of Schisandra nibriflora yielded 24 compounds and 20 of them were identified. There are 17 lignans and 3 triterpenes. Their structures were elucidated as deoxyschisandrin(SR-1) , schisanhenol (SR-2) , kadsuric acid (SR-3) , (+)-anwulignan (SR-4) , schisantherin B (SR-5) , schisandrin (SR-6) , pregomisin (SR-7) , coccinic acid(SR-8), (+ )-Gomisin M1 (SR-9), gomisin J (SR-10), epiwulignan A1 (SR-11), rubschisandrin B (SR-12-1), rubschisandin C (SR-12-2), (+)-gomisin M2 (SR-13), epigomisin O (SR-14) , rubrildilactone (SR-16) , tigloylgomisin P (SR-18) , gomisin O (SR-19) , angeloylgomosin P (SR-20) and rubschisandrin D (SR-21) ?Among them, rubschisandrin B, rubschisandin C, rubrildilactone and rubschisandrin D were new compounds; kadsuric acid, angeloylgomosin P, schisandrin, coccinic acid, (+ )-gomisin M1, epiwulignan A1, epigomisin O, tigloylgomisin P and schisantherin B were isolated for the first time from this species. Rubrildilactone (SR-16...
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