| Schisandraceae is a relatively small family of the Magnoliidae. It contains Schsandra and Kadsura genera. There are about 39 species which are mainly distributed in East Asia with China as the centre of diversity. Many plants of Schisandraceae are commonly used for medical purpose. The fruits of S. chinensis and S. sphenanthera are accepted as Wuweizi and Nan-Wuweizi respectively by Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2000). K. heteroclita and K. interior are the botanical origins of Ji-Xue-Teng in Yunnan. The fruits of Schisandra plants have astringent, tonic and sedative functions, and the stems and roots of Kadsura plants have the functions of flourishing the blood and activating the tendons. In China, Schisandraceae is a medicinally important taxon which contains lignans, triterpenoids and volatile oil. Lignan is the main constituent and possess taxonomic significance. The distribution difference of lignan types with different bioactivity in two genera indicated that the distribution pattern of lignan types maybe the critical factor for the obvious difference in clinic. Kadsura genus was a natural taxon based on the chemical evidence, it was congruent with classical taxonomy. But the subdivision of Schisandra genus have been controversial all the time. Though the results of palynology and organogenesis of staminate flowers implied that Schisandra and Kadsura genera were relative taxa which might be originated from a common ancestor, it have not been found yet and it was difficult to find the primitive taxon by biology. The primary chemotaxonomy gave us the valuable clue. Moreover Schisandraceae is an important taxon of medical plants. S. chinensis and S. sphenanthera, which are the origins of Chinese traditional medicine Wuweizi, belong to the third class national protective plants and the resources are limited, so it is urgent to search for the new resources. In the present thesis, the extensive studies on Schisandraceae, including chemotaxonomy, molecular systematics and anatomy, have been carried out in order to discuss the chemotoxonomy of Schisandraceae and propose a more natural taxonomical system for Schisandraceae. In addition, the contents of lignans in the stems, roots and the fruits of Schisandra plants have been determined to provide the valuable scientificdata for the rational utilization of Schisandra plants.A field investigation on the Schisandraceae plants was conducted in Yunnan, Sichuan, Guangxi and Zhejiang, 17 species and 3 variaties of two genera (including all Subgenera, based on Law' system) were collected and identified. They were S. rubriflora (Planch.) Rehd. et Wils., 5". chinensis (Turcz.) Baill., S. glaucescens Diels, 5. sphenanthera Rehd. et Wils., S. lancifolia (Rehd. et Wils.) A. C. Smith, S. micrantha A. C. Smith, S. bicolor Cheng, S. viridis A. C. Smith, S. henryi Clarke, S. henryi var. yunnanensis A. C. Smith, S. pubescens Hemsl. et Wils., S. pubescens var. pubinervis (Rehd. et Wils.) A. C. Smith, S. propinqua (Wall.) Baill. var. sinensis Oliva, S. plena A. C. Smith, Kadsura coccinea (Lem) A. C. Smith, K. renchangiana S. F. Lan, K. longipedunculata Finet et Gagnep., K. induta A. C. Smith, K. polysperma Yang, K. angustifolia A. C. Smith.Based on the UV spectra , the qualitative diagnostic method of 5 types lignans was found. HPLC-DAD technology was used for the first time for an extensive separation and determination of lignans. Comparative studies on the lignan constituents of 22 species from Schisandraceae were carried out. The results indicated that 5 lignan types distributed regularly in Schisandraceae: a)dibenzocyclooctadienes and dibenzylbutanes were the common and characteristic constituents in Schisandraceae. From the point of chemotaxonomy, Schisandraceae which consists of Schisandra and Kadsura genera is a natural taxon. b) S. chinensis has only dibenzocyclooctadienes and dibenzylbutanes. Besides the two lignan types, S. rubriflora has tetrahydrofurans. Dibenzocyclooctadienes, dibenzylbutanes, aryltetralones and tetrahydrofurans existed in most species of Schisandra...
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