Research On The Analytical Methods Of Constituents Of Panax Ginseng

The compounds of Chinese medicines are very complex and the illustrationof these compounds is the key to modernize the traditional Chinese medicine. Inthis dissertation, several analysis methods were developed to analyze thecompounds in ginseng extract.A multi-segment gradient method for the separation of ginsenosides inreversed phase-high performance liquid chromatography was developed. Theretention parameters of 8 ginsenosides (Rg1, Re, Rf, Rg2, Rb1, Rc, Rb2, Rd) wereobtained on an ODS2 C18 column (4.6mm×250mm) from a series of isocraticacetonitrile-water elution. It was found that three-parameter retention equation ofginsenosides could accurately predict the resolution of peaks. Based on thethree-parameter retention equation, an optimum elution program consisting ofthree segments was developed. Under optimized conditions, the analysis time ofginsenosides was shortened and the resolution was improved. This method isreliable and could be used to analyze the extract of ginseng.The LC retention value equation of extract of ginseng was obtained correctlyand quickly by using five linear gradients and c-a relationship was inspected.Based on the technology of automatic curve fitted, the peak shape parameters andpeak shape of compounds in extract of ginseng were obtained. Using MovedOverlapping Separation Ranging Map (OSRM) and simulated chromatogramstechnology, the LC target optimization method was developed and used to obtainthe chromatogram fingerprint of ginseng. The chromatogram fingerprints of 17ginseng materials were obtained and compared to each other.A new method for identification of ginsenosides using high-performanceliquid chromatography tandem atmospheric pressure chemical ionization massspectrometry was developed. Results showed that HPLC-APCI-MS couldeffectively identify thermo-labile ginsenosides, although APCI is a hightemperature evaporative process. The [M-H]-ions and thermaldegradation ions ofginsenosides could be clearly observed under negative and positive ion conditionsrespectively, which were used to identify molecular masses and structures ofginsenosides. APCI-MS-MS spectra of [M-H]-ions were used to further identifythe aglycone structures and saccharide groups of ginsenosides. The mass spectraobtained using APCI can provide explicit information for identifying anddistinguishing ginsenosides. Thirty five ginsenosides in Panax ginseng wereidentified. Ginsenosides in white ginseng and red ginseng were compared to eachother. Ocotillol ginsenosides in Panax quinquefolius from China and Americanwere also identified using this method. The difference in ginsenoside compositionbetween Panax quinquefolius from China and that from American may be used todistinguish Panax quinquefolius from different habitat regions. GC/MS was used to analysis the weak polarity compounds in extract ofginseng. It was found that the main weak polarity compounds in extract ofginseng are Aliphatic acids. There are also low quantity of Sesquiterpene andaldol in it. CE was used to analysis the strong polarity compounds in the extract ofginseng. It was found that CE could effectively separate the strong polaritycompounds in the extract of ginseng. In this dissertation, Results showed that themethod using complementary multi-mode chromatography and column isnecessary to separate and analyze the complex compounds in Chinese medicine.