| Osteoarthritis is the most common joint disorder and has an immense socioeconomic impact. Many studies have demonstrated that cartilage from patients with OA is characterized by accelerated turnover of the cartilage matrix components and inadequate repair.Glucosamine sulfate (GS) represents a new generation of drug and were originally suggested to promote the repair of damaged cartilage. Available experimental data indicate that GS may possess both chondroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects. The chondroprotective action of GS manifests as acceleration of glycosaminoglycan synthesis in cultured chondrocytes and cartilage tissue. Although anti-exudative and anti-inflammatory activities of GS were lower as compared with those of acetylsalicylic acid or indomethacin, glucosamine was found to be synergistic in its anti-exudative activity with indomethacin, piroxicam, and diclofenac in a mouse model of aseptic inflammation. The modulating effect of glucosamine on human chondrocyte response toward the stimulation with IL-1, describing a novel mechanism of Glucosamine-mediated anti-inflammatory activity. Recent research suggest that the anti-inflammatory effects of glucosamine sulfate could be due to modulation of inflammatory genes expression, including cyclooxygenase 2(COX-2) and inductive nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), but the conclusions drawn from different methods and different authors seem to be controversial.Another possible mechanism of the anti-inflammatory effects could be that glucosamine sulfate modulates the binding of IL-1 to its receptor via a possible increase in IL-1 receptor type Ⅱ(IL-1RⅡ), which is a decoy receptor. Its interaction with IL-1 is unable to generate signaling.Based on these theorys, the following experiment was desgined. Objective The current study aims at presenting experimental evidence that GS could modulate IL-1β induced activation of human osteoarthritic...
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