The Democratic Thought And Contemporary Value In Marx 's Revolutionary Framework

Marx’s democratic thought is a controversial topic. In the theoretical study abroad, whether there is a part of the democratic thought in the theory of Marx is suspicious. Even though there are some scholars affirm the existence of Marx’s democratic thought, which is from the perspective of criticism and eventually puts Marx’s democratic thought into the structure of the totalitarian democracy. Of course, some foreign scholars try to defend Marx’s democratic thought. But, this defense mostly falls into the spectrum of liberal democracy, either blindly denies Marx’s discourse on violence and dictatorship, or reconstructs Marx’s revolutionary theory system by liberal democratic. Visibly, foreign academics has a debate on Marx’s democratic thought. The problem is that whether affirm Marx’s democratic thought or not, its reason and evidence are not sufficient. On the one hand, the theoretical study of Marx’s democratic thought abroad doesn’t go deep into the Marx’s logical structure, namely the historical materialism and the corresponding revolutionary analysis framework; on the other hand, it easily ignores the Marx’s historical context, namely the revolutionary 19th century and the accordingly revolutionary democracy.The domestic basically holds a more consistent view on Marx’s democratic thought, namely the Marxist class democracy and the new democracy, which is different from Marx’s democratic thought research abroad. Since the 1980’s, the domestic research on Marx’s democratic thought has been largely based on the class analysis method, which puts forward the proletarian democracy against the bourgeois democracy. In class analysis framework from the start, the democracy was lack of theoretical and practical space itself, then the possibility of the proletarian democracy was affirmed, in the end, the proletarian democracy had good reason which was based on the perspective of relation between nation and society.However, the domestic research on Marx’s democratic thought has its problems. First of all, the class analysis method is easy to turn the ownership relations into an important basis of the class, however, this is inconsistent with Marx’s logic that’s from historical materialism and revolutionary analysis framework to class theory; Second, the class democracy doesn’t fully conform to the revolutionary democracy in 19th century; Finally, the domestic research on Marx’s democratic thought is based on the class analysis method, which leads the research into the way of innovation difficulty and makes it difficult to provides new contents about Marx’s democratic thought outside of the class analysis method.Aimed at the problems of Marx’s democratic thought research abroad and domestically, how to break through the various constraints and obstacles and return to the democratic connotation of Marx, it can be solved from two dimensions. First, Marx’s democratic thought research should be based on the the logical structure of Marx, namely from historical materialism and revolutionary analysis framework to the theory of democracy; Second, it must acknowledge revolutionary democracy the 19th century, which is different from the liberal democracy and electoral politics in European and American countries after the development of democracy, and also different from the simple dichotomy of class democracy.Historical materialism is an important component of Marx’s theory system, which also makes the basis of the methodology. Marx completed the revolution of philosophy through practice, namely the destroy of philosophy. As the philosophy revolution completed, turning to the political revolution becomes natural. The elimination of philosophy meant that the practice began to "fall" into the field of labor practice, which constituted the root cause of political revolution and social revolution by the contradictions in this field. The establishment of historical materialism is equal to the finish of the revolutionary analysis framework. The connotation of Marx’s political concept was based on this framework, such as democracy, dictatorship, violence, class, etc. Democracy has dual attributes in Marx’s theory system. First, democracy is one of path choices for the proletarian revolutionary, namely the revolutionary means. Democracy and violence are the options on the proletarian revolutionary path, both interdependent and integral, the difference of the selection depends on national conditions and the corresponding class status. Marx had never make trade-offs between democracy and violence, which both served the revolution. At this point, the characteristics of the revolutionary democracy was obvious. Second, democracy is the the form of the proletariat political organization, namely the "natural affinity" between the proletariat political organization and democracy. Based on the solution of the contradictions in the field of labor practice and the principle of equality, proletariat must adopt democratic forms in organization operation, such as universal suffrage, supervision, the principle of replacement at any time, etc.Based on the revolution analysis framework, Marx’s democratic thought cannot simply be equated to the later class democratic theory, which contains more content. Marx’s criticism of the democracy running under the condition of capitalism is not against democracy itself, but rather the problem that democracy is lack of revolution connotation and cannot be fully realized under the capitalist conditions. Along with the advancement of the proletarian political revolution, the elimination of the obstacles in the way of democracy’s realization comes true, so the "natural affinity" between the proletariat political organization and democracy is the result of the natural. Obviously, the theory and practice of democracy was facing drastic changes after Marx. The reasons are as follows. On the one hand, Marx’s theory system contains some potential tension and insufficiency of itself; on the other hand, different researchers and interpreters reconstructed Marx’s theory system because of the challenges and problems brought by the revolutionary situation changes, such as the combination between capitalism and democracy, etc. All of these indicates that the accurate and reasonable understanding of Marx’s democratic thought is very necessary.Marx’s democratic theory is of very important significance for China’s democratic construction, the revolution connotation of democracy first helps fight the generalization and "label" of democracy in mainstream capitalism. China’s democratic construction continues the class antagonisms and bourgeois democracy, focusing on the particularity and difference of democracy, the revolution connotation of democracy in Marx gives democracy the generalization and universality, changing China democracy’s weak position in the competition with the mainstream capitalist democracy. Second, compared to the class analysis framework, Marx’s democracy was in the revolution analysis framework, democracy became the first question, it was both the proletarian political organization form, also could be really implemented in the proletarian revolutionary historical logic. And, through the recognition of class, to clarify the relationship between dictatorship and democracy and unify democracy and revolution, can provide sufficient space for the survival and development of democracy.