A Study On Excessive Education In China 's Labor Market

The expansion of higher education scale which is started from 1999 speeded up the process of higher education and made our country entered in the stage of popularization of higher education smoothly. It helped numerous students achieve their dream and supplied a number of high talented labors to our quickly developing economy, but at the same time, it coursed the employment difficulty of the university students. The dominant problem is unemployment of the university students, and the contact problem is many of them are engaged in the mismatched work and become overeducated, but it has some dispute in China.Over-education which is researched for the first time in 1976 by American economist Freeman, has already accumulated fruitful research findings, including the connotation, the measuring methods, the performance characteristics, the effect result of over-education and the crowding out effect of employment of over-education, and the effect on enterprise performance. Compared with foreign research, the domestic research started relatively late, most of which is surface, broad and focused on theoretical study. So the existing research need more deep and dedicated and empirical study. Especially the research on the connotation was broad and general, the research on the formation mechanism was superficial, and the empirical research on the courses of over-education was obviously insufficient. The gaps and the weak points in the existing research have become the major breakthrough of the paper and also are the problem which was hoped to be solved in the paper. In view of this, the paper make the over-education in the labor market as the starting point, and focus on the cause of the over-education.The connotation of over-education is the basis of the cause of over-education. This paper in analysis of education how to effect the decline of labor productivity through the skill and work expectation determine the connation of the “Du”, and put forward the definition of over-education. The definition caught the direct performance of education——the mismatch of the level of education and the requirement of the job. In order to deeply understand the connation, the paper elaborate the relation between over-education and other related conations, especially the relation between over-education and educated unemployment. In addition, the paper through the indicate of employment, the occupation anastomosis, the satisfaction of employment, the relative level of salary, proposed the view that over-education exist in China. In order to further clarify the cause of over-education, the paper analyzed this problem from both macro-perspective and micro-perspective. First, the paper discussed the space-time problem of over-education from the macro-perspective. In the basis of analysis in the popularization of the higher education of our country and the other countries in the world, the paper put forward inverted U curve hypothesis, and computed the incidence of over-education from 2003 to 2012 in our country. Through analyzing the industry structure, trade and property structure and occupation structure, the paper found that the level of the three structures was too low to fit the university students which was the major course in the macro-perspective. In addition, the special economic environment, the culture environment and the social environment also promoted the over-education.In the micro-perspective, in the beginning the paper put forward a view point that the particularity of human capital is the source of over-education, including the value of the human capital and the separation of property rights. In the next, the paper put forward analysis model—— choices four quadrant model of the employers and the employees, and deeply analyzed the choice in basis of different theories. In addition the segmentation problem of the labor market exacerbating the occurrence of over-education. Combined with the theoretical analysis of the two chapter in the last part of the fifth chapter, in the basis of B=F(PE), the paper constructed the mechanism model of the formation of over-education.Through the two parts, we know that overeducation is affected by the employees,the employers,the labor market and the macro-environment.In order to verify the theoretical analysis, and reveal the present situation and the course of the over-education in our country, the Chapter Six carried out the empirical study. In the basis of the concept of job analysis, combining with ISCO and ISCED, the paper established a new method to measure the incidence of over-education. Using this method, the paper measured the incidence is 27.60% in the present. Compared to other countries as America and EU at the similar development stage, the over-education in our country is more serious. And the paper also compute the incidence of over-education by the level of human capital characteristics, personal characteristics, family background characteristics and work characteristics. In the end I used two logistic regression models to compute the factors and their significance. The first model including all ranges of education,show that employees’ personnel factors are more significant than the factors of employers, and region segmentation and urban and rural segmentation are also significant to over-education.The second one,which using education as the controlled variable,show that to the labors who had accepted higher education were affected by age, experience, ownership and size of their organization,and segmentation of Labor Market In.In the final, the paper put forward some policy implications and the future research prospect.The policy implications are included: Promote and optimize the industrial structure, to supply enough jobs to higher education workers; expand the scale of higher education appropiately, optimize the allocation of education resources; reduce the level of the labor market segmentation, ensure the rationality of the flow of personnel.