Research On Structure And Characteristics Of The Abalone Aquaculture Industry In China

According to Industrial Economics and Aquaculture Economics, we hasconducted the system research to the structure and characteristics of China’s abaloneaquaculture industry. Modern technology of information analysis and prediction(SPSS19.0), sampling investigation method and traditional literature research methodsare the effective research methods. In the course of the study, we paid specialattention to collect and collat the knowledge of no documentation but relevant toChina’s abalone aquaculture industry,so as to grasp the important node of the industrydevelopment. We tried to establish a database including abalone aquaculture industryand regional information. Our work can provide data support for the formulation ofindustrial policy and enterprise decision.The research has bellowing conclusions:1. Technology progress and market mechanism is an important force in thedevelopment of China abalone aquaculture industry. In China, the wild abaloneresources are mainly distributed in Liaoning province, Shandong province, Fujianprovince, Guangdong province, Hainan province and Taiwan province etc.. Abaloneexploitation and consumption has thousands of years in China. The Yield of wildabalone is very low, abalone has been luxury appearance.Abalone aquaculture wasnot carried out gradually until in the sixties of twentieth Century.Hybrid abaloneaquaculture and Yu Pai patterns are popularized in large area in Fujian and otherplaces especially after2000. The production of abalone aquaculture has been sharplyincreased at the same time.The cost and prices become substantially lower. During theperiod, abalone aquaculture industry has experienced three changes.It means that theabalone aquaculture industry has entered a mature stage:(a.) The consumer market ofabalone is translated from international market to domestic market. It is experiencingevolution processfrom the seller’s market to buyer’s market. The abalone hasgradually become popular affordable products.(b.) The main market participants ofChina’s abalone aquaculture become a profit seeking corporation instead of theinstitutions engaged in enhancement and other public Interest. Because it is a fiercemarket,some corporation choose to withdraw from the market;(c.) is the abaloneaquaculture industry become capital input and output from capital input.2.Compared with the abalone industry, China’s abalone Industry industryexistence "scale superiority " and "benefit inferior". From the production perspective,China’s Bao industry has the obvious advantage in the global scope, according to statistics of the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization. in2011, China’sabalone production accounted for88.8%of global (including farming and fishing). Inthe same year, the output value of China’s abalone industry accounted for only53.36%of the world (including farming and fishing). It shows that: the price China ‘scultured abalone is much lower than the world average level.3. China’s abalone aquaculture industry is characterized by high regionalconcentration and low industrial concentration.Abalone aquaculture industry aremainly distributed in about40counties of Liaoning, Shandong, Fujian, GuangdongProvince in China. In2012, abalone aquaculture area in Fujian province accounts foronly25.23%, it produced72.56%of abalone seedlings and71.94%of abalone,created64.89%of the output value. Compared with the high degree of regionalconcentration, the degree of industrial concentration is low.The calculation resultshows that the coefficient of industrial concentration (CR4) in2012is only4.93%.Abalone aquaculture industry is the competitive industry.4.China’s abalone aquaculture industry consists of seven parts from the industrialchain perspective: matrixmatrix abalonematrix abalonematrix abalone matrix abaloneabalone industry, seeds industry, semi finished abalone industry, commercial abalonecultivation industry,large abalone cultivation industry,commercial abalone processingindustry,commodity abalone sales industry. The cultivation mode includes pondcofferdam, factory farming, the soft raft cultivation, Yu Pai aquaculture, bottomsowing proliferation, etc. Many enterprises develop the pattern of cross breeding inorder to increase the economic benefit. The north enterprise transported the abalone tothe south to save cost and increase the yield in winter. The south enterprisestransported the abalone to the North in order to avoid the summer blooms and diseasein summer. Research shows that, abalone aquaculture industry capital plays asignificant role in the development process of the regional division.5. China’s abalone aquaculture industry structure is closely related to industrialperformance. According to the analysis of survey data on the operation situation of2003-2012. The industrial structure of China’s abalone aquaculture industry (basedon SCP paradigm) shows the following characteristics:(a.) The profit of salesdeclined obviously, fell from59.83%in2003to30.35%in2012;(b.) The productdifferentiation of abalone aquaculture industry is always low. Advertising density hasincreased year by year, up from0.04in2003to0.14%in2012, with an average ratioof only0.09%;(c.) The proportion of public owned property right decreased year byyear, down from19.53%in2003to9.97%in2012. Multiple linear regressionanalysis and partial correlation analysis showed that:the degree of industrialconcentration improve industrial performance significantly; the improvement of advertising density increased, entry barriers, public ownership is not conducive to theimprovement of performance.6. China’s abalone aquaculture industry accounted for the proportion in thenational economy is not high.It involves hundreds of thousands of fishermen’slivelihood. It is an important fishery industry. The output value of abalone aquacultureindustry accounted for only0.04%of the GDP in2012. It accounted for2.12%of theFishery output value.It created3.99%of the fishermen income. Fujian’s abaloneaquaculture industry created0.59%of the GDP,13.14%of fishery output value,20.57%of the fishermen income in2011. Abalone aquaculture industry has become apillar industry Especially in some counties, such as Xiuyu.It created6.93%of GDP,54.27%of the fishermen income in2011in Xiuyu.There are1/5jobs is closely relatedto abalone aquaculture industry.7. China’s abalone aquaculture industry is facing a series of problems currently.(a.)The ecological environment problems, such as the extinction of wild abalonepopulations, the eutrophication of coastal waters, random discharge of solid waste.(b.)The problem of industrial structure, such as product differentiation is not high, excesscapacity, prices fell.(c.)The system arrangement, such as the sea ownership isunclear, the sea is reduced the scope, agricultural subsidies are not in right place andso on.In summary, the author puts forward a series of effective measures aboutpromoting sustainable development of abalone aquaculture.(a.) The governmentdepartments and industry associations should actively build institutional environmentfor the development of abalone aquaculture industry.They should set an system of theright to use sea area above all, integrate industry resources, cultivat excellententerprise.(b.) Abalone aquaculture industry should change the culture concept,establish the sustainable farming concept, pay more attention to ecologicalenvironment protection and control culture density.(c.) Abalone aquaculture industryshould implement the brand strategy vigorously, improve product differentiation,promote to optimizate and Outspread the industry catenary, meet the high-end marketdemand, develop leisure sports anout abalone timely.(d.) The technique research anddevelopment should be combined with the research of industrial economy. abaloneaquaculture industry should promote the health culture mode, and construct the riskwarning and control system.