Preliminary Study On Structure And Characteristics Of Bay Scallop Aquaculture Industry In Laizhou

Study on structure and characteristics of bay scallop industry in China is one of the key tasks of the national shellfish industry technology system12th Five-Year Plan. This study choose bay scallop aquaculture industry in laizhou as the research object, conduct a preliminary study on its structure and characteristics, belongs to study on structure and characteristics of bay scallop industry in China.The choices of research object for below reasons. First of all, the bay scallop occupies an important position in the marine aquaculture industry in our country. Secondly, Laizhou is one of the major bay scallop producing areas in China, and the bay scallop aquaculture industry is pillar industry of its fisheries industry. Thirdly, Laizhou bay scallop aquaculture industry has typical characteristics.Through field research, visits to relevant departments, consultation with relevant experts, to collect all kinds of information, and the integrated use of the comparative method, system analysis and case studies and other research methods, this study attempts to sort out the origin, the course of development and its features about the bay scallop aquaculture industry in Laizhou, In-depth analysis of its running situation and main restriction factors. After that, some countermeasures will be put forward.This study includes both industry level and enterprise level. The former is mainly to study on its development course and situation, typical mode of production, the trend of production elements price, its main restriction factors. The latter with the example of typical fisherman, focuses on its cost structure, input-output relations, cost-benefit situation, etc.This study on the bay scallop aquaculture industry in Laizhou found that (1) it can be divided into three stages, including beginning, development and maturity, Its life cycle is in IV period, under the state of perfect competition with lower gross margin now.(2) The total culture area of bay scallop present "three steps"; overall yield showed a trend of increase, but growth is slowing; the production value is volatility, but showed a trend of increase.(3) The spatial distribution is mainly concentrated in the township of Jincheng, Sanshandao, Chenggang, Yong’an and Hutouya etc..(4) Aquaculture raft facilities per mu cost an average of9,390yuan, Production cost an average of15,552yuan/mu (400cage) and labor cost is the biggest cost.(5) The cost-benefit study of the typical fisherman has shown that high investment, high output, high risk is one of the basic characteristics of the bay scallop aquaculture, ultra-high yield is the most direct drive force to promote fisherman continually expand the scale of bay scallop aquaculture.(6) the trend of production elements price shows that in terms of larvae price, the price of juvenile mollusk rose steadily throughout the years, but the price of commercial spat fluctuate, they both not relevant; since the21st century, especially after2008, rapid rise of the labor cost and labor shortage are the key factors that restrict its healthy development; the price of aquaculture raft facilities rise faster after2008, prices rise and demand increase are the two main cause of the rise in prices.(7) Its main restriction factors as follows. First of all, the proportion of bay scallop aquaculture is too high, the scale is too large, resulting in unstable culture zone ecosystem, environment and disease problems increasingly prominent; Secondly, fishermen mainly private investor, their production scale is so small and scattered that the ability to resist risks is weak, easy to shortage of funds and poor exchange of information. Thirdly, It face many restrictions, such as cost, environment and manpower etc.. For example, quality of culture zones vulnerable to pollution, increasing production cost and hiring become more and more difficult, etc.. Fourthly, the lack of effective management, government management, industrial service and product quality assurance, etc., there are insufficient. In a word, fishermen mainly private investor and lack of the effective management are the key restriction factors of the bay scallop aquaculture industry in Laizhou and the root cause of all problems.In view of the current situation of bay scallop aquaculture industry in Laizhou, the authors suggest that:(1) to adjust the industrial development model, control the scale of aquaculture, reduce the intensity of aquaculture, research and development of new aquaculture model and new culture zones, make it healthy and ecological development;(2) to innovate the fishermen participation model, build the new "government-leading enterprises-Association-fisherman" mode to integrate regional resources advantage and enhance industrial competitiveness;(3) to improve the government management mechanism and service functions, develop or improve the relevant management framework, scientific and rational planning the culture zones, strengthen the environmental monitoring and remediation of the bay scallop aquaculture, enhance the product quality management, establish the public industry information platform system, set up a special fund to support industrial development and guide the horizontal integration of industrial chain;(4) to strengthen the ecological environment comprehensive governance, emphasis on governance capacity-building, strengthen the cooperation mechanism of marine environmental, implement the Marine ecological environment integrated management combine with coordinated development.