Research On Human Capital In Chongqing 's New Countryside Construction

The socialism new rural construction proposed by the central government is the strategic rural policy in allusion to China’s Agriculture, Rural and Famer issue, a major measure to change the urban-rural dualistic economic structure and promote rural economic development, concerning the comprehensive construction affluent society and the socialist modernization’s overall situation. The ultimate goal of socialistic new rural construction is to make the rural residents live a prosperous, healthy and civilized life. During the process of actively promoting a new socialistic countryside construction, local governments throughout the country focus on the construction of rural infrastructure, advancement of agricultural science and technology innovation, deepening of rural industrial structure adjustment and so on. However, they do not pay enough attention to cultivating the main part of new socialistic countryside construction-a new type of farmers who endowed qualified primary education and understand both agricultural techniques and business operations. Poor rural human capital has become a major bottleneck in the new rural construction.Chongqing is the only municipality directly under the Central Government’ administration among Middle and Western Regions of China. Chongqing and it’s countryside are synthesizing as the coordinated reforms pilot area, which stands an important strategic position in promoting the balanced development among regions, and the national Reform and Opening strategy. Chongqing is characterized as city of marketization, developed countryside, large reservoir, mountainous region with ethnic minority areas. The conflict of urban-rural dualistic structural contradiction is serious, and it will go a long way to seek a balanced and coordinated development between urban and rural areas. To realize the development and to construct a new socialistic countryside with productive development, prosperous life, civilized custom, neat appearance and democratic management, the human capital should be input and the introduction of a great number high qualified human capital should be strengthened as well. The key research target of this study is the rural human capital problem in the construction of new countryside in Chongqing with the combination of the actual state of rural human capital in the field of education, training, medical care and migration, searching how the human capital affects the new countryside construction, to propose suggestions about the development and investment of human capital according to its demands and provide theoretical basis for the rural human capital development and new countryside construction. Several problems will be clarified by this study:what is the main problem of the human capital in new countryside construction in Chongqing? What causes the problem? How does the rural human capital affect the construction of new countryside? How can the human capital bottleneck be broken? How can the investment and development of human capital in urban and rural areas be combined to change the unidirectional flow from rural areas to cities and achieve human capital two-way flow between urban and rural areas? This study is analyzed empirically with detailed data and referencing materials learning from the advanced experience of rural human capital trainings in America, Britain, Japan, South Korea and other areas at home and abroad. And, it provides theoretical and intellectual supports for combining the undertaken construction of experimental zone of urban and rural comprehensive reform and the construction of new countryside in Chongqing.This paper contains nine chapters, and the contents are as the following:&The first chapter:Introduction. This chapter briefly introduces the research background, significance, research methods and innovative points, and gives an overview about the new countryside construction, the relationship between rural human resource and economic development both home and abroad.The second chapter:related concepts and theories. This chapter introduces the basic theories on socialistic new countryside construction, human resource and balanced rural and urban development. These three major theories will be used in this research.The third chapter:the function and inner mechanism of human resource in the new countryside construction. This chapter mainly introduces the impact of human resource on the new countryside construction. Meanwhile, it comprehensively analyzes the inner mechanism of how rural human resource affects education, training, migration employment and health care in the new countryside construction. It also set up a inner mechanism diagram on the rural human resource’s effect on the new countryside construction.The forth chapter:the demand analysis of human resource in the new countryside construction in Chongqing. This chapter judgmentally analyzes the most needed talents in Chongqing’s new countryside construction by applying the Delphi Law. The results show that the human resources that Chongqing needs to construct a new countryside include:a large amount of new farmers who has a good basic education and understands both agricultural techniques and business operations; qualified personnel who has a good command of high-level public management; public institution personnel, such as people who are good at promoting agricultural technologies, or education and health care; market operation and management personnel, such as people who are good at marketing, market planning, market designing, market development and logistics; practical human resource in rural production.The fifth chapter:the status analysis of the human resource in Chongqing’s new countryside construction. This chapter analyzes the status quo of the human resource in Chongqing’s new countryside construction from the following five aspects:the overall condition of Chongqing’s rural human resource, the rural primary education condition, condition of vocational skills training of rural human resource, rural health care status and the circulating of rural human resource. In order to comprehensively present the reality of rural human resource in Chongqing, this chapter applies a large amount of statistical data and survey data, and compared with those of Beijing, Shanghai and Tianjin.The sixth chapter:analysis on the main problems and their reasons in Chongqing’s rural human resource. Based on the analysis of the status quo, this chapter sums up the main problems in currant Chongqing’s human resource from the aspects of education, training, health care and migration. It also explores the reasons from the aspects of economic difficulties, policy difficulties, ideology difficulties and investment difficulties.The seventh chapter:the empirical analysis of the rural human resource’s impact on Chongqing’s new countryside construction. This chapter sets up a linear model with rural development, affluent life, cultivated countryside, clean and tidy village as the four dependent variables, and education, training, health care and migration as the four independent variables. From this we could see how the four aspects of rural human resource affect the new countryside construction. This model encompasses the four aspects of Chongqing’s rural human resource:education, training, health care and migration, and respectively test their influence on the four aspects:rural development, affluent life, cultivated countryside, clean and tidy village.The eighth chapter:foreign experiences and their application in China. Other developed countries attach great importance to the education and training of rural human resource. From primary education to vocational skills training, techniques promoting, further studies and so on, they have a full set of education and training system. This chapter mainly introduces the countryside construction experiences and the experience in rural education, farmer training, the migration of rural population and health care in USA, UK, Japan and South Korean, so as to find the right way for the construction of a new countryside in the balanced rural and urban development in Chongqing.The ninth chapter:advices on the human resource investment in Chongqing’s new countryside construction. According to the four principles:rural talents are the primary resources, keep a balance between rural and urban human resources, local trained talents combined with talents imported from outside, the lifelong education and training of rural human resource, this chapter puts forward advices of policies on the main problems in Chongqing’s rural human resource.