Study On Operational Decisions Of Enterprises And Supply Chain Coordination Under The Low Carbon Economy

Under the Low-carbon economy, enterprises pay more attention to carbonemissions of themselves and their partners in the supply chain, with increasinglystringent emission reduction measures enacted by government and graduallyestablished consumer awareness of low-carbon. Reducing carbon emissions, seeking alow-carbon development model, and producing low-carbon products have becomeimportant issues in business activities. Solving these new problems will furtherchange competing regulation, business model and cost structure of the supply chainenterprises. Based on these new issues and changes, this paper studied the problemsof enterprises operational decisions and coordinating mechanisms between enterprisesaffected by factors of low-carbon, using theoretical approaches of economics, gametheory and operations research in the framework of the supply chain, in order toprovide theoretical support for enterprises operating practices. The main results andinnovations of this paper are as follows:(1) Considering the phenomenon that there are both low-carbon products and thegeneral products on the market and combining with consumer preference forlow-carbon products, we established decision-making models to pricing for bothproducts, obtained viable low-carbon production costs range and the optimal pricingstrategies of both manufacturers and retailer by solving this models, analyzed thesituation that profits of the supply chain system and supply chain members changewith the low-carbon production cost, and drew the conclusion that government canreduce the cost of production of low-carbon products through subsidies and othermeasures, and to improve the enthusiasm to produce low-carbon products.(2) Then, we analyzed the impact of subsidies on differential pricing for bothlow-carbon products and the general products, obtained the range of governmentsubsidies that can encourage manufacturer to produce the low-carbon products. Whenstudying the problem of differential pricing, for this situation that decentralizeddecision-making can result in the loss of supply chain efficiency, we used Shapleyvalue method to coordinate, thereby increasing the profits of the entire supply chainsystem, and gave the final profit distribution plan.(3) Further, shifting from deterministic demand to stochastic demand, for carbonemission reduction and ordering problem between manufacturer and retailer, westudied the effect of the option contract to coordinate the supply chain, finally reachedthe coordination of the entire supply chain by supplementing the option contract.(4) Shifting from single-cycle problem to long-term dynamic problem, we studied carbon emission reduction and low-carbon promotion problem between onemanufacturer and one retailer. Using the state equation of carbon emission reductionper unit of product, differential game models of upstream and downstream enterpriseswere established, the long-term equilibrium strategies were got, the condition and theeffects of cost-sharing contract to coordinate the supply chain were analyzed.(5) Finally, still under the framework of the long-term dynamics, the impact ofcompetitive factors among retailers on carbon emission reduction of the manufacturer,low-carbon promotions of the retailers and the effects of cost-sharing contract werestudied, when there are two retailers in the supply chain.