The Research On China’s Urban-Rural Human Resources Market Integration

The Third Plenary Session of the 18 th CPC Central Committee takes ideal that “Efforts are to be made to build a market system that is uniform but open, orderly and competitive” and “A more balanced allocation of public resources between urban and rural areas will be promoted.” The paper includes the following.First, the paper makes a systematic statement of the theoretical basis. With the starting point of the human resources market, on the basis of perfectly competitive market hypothesis and labor market segmentation, it deduces the definition, participators, power source and operating mechanism of urban-rural human resources market integration. Meanwhile, it summarizes the urban-rural relations theory, the evolution of industrial structure and employment structure theory, the human capital theory and the institution change theory.Second, it teases the history of China’s urban-rural human resources market and evaluates the degree of integration. Compared with the pre-reform planned allocation of human resources system, the market has made remarkable achievements. However, there are still inequalities existing in the economic and social status of urban and rural labors. Empirical results show that China’s employment structure has been optimized, but did not drive the income gap between urban and rural labor in convergence 1978-2013. It shows that the degree of China’s urban-rural human resources market integration is so low.Third, the paper analyzes the barriers of China’s urban-rural human resources market integration. It argues that the industry development is lagging so that irrational allocation of human resources. There are big urban-rural gaps in human capital investment and stock, reducing the capacity of the rural labor non-farming employment. Lacking of relevant system has become the root of rural labors basic employment rights unprotected.Fourth, the paper analyzes the advanced experience of developed countries on urban-rural human resources market integration. With the comparison of the dynamic processes of UK, USA, Japan and South Korea, it finds that these countries have achieve integration path is different, but the results still have some common features. On the basis of refining the advanced experience, it sums up the market-oriented model and the government- oriented model.Fifth, the paper proposes countermeasures of China’s urban-rural human resources market integration. It take a mode of it. By optimizing the industry structure and layout, developing employment potential, encouraging starting an undertaking, in order to achieve a reasonable allocation of human resources and full employment. By strengthening the rural compulsory education, improving the higher and vocational education and formulating the market-oriented vocational training policies, in order to narrow the gap between urban and rural labors employment quality. By reforming the system on household registration, employment, social security, education, land, finance, in order to ensure the urban- rural human resources market integration.