| The bio-pharmaceutical innovation faces the challenges of rising cost, high risk and long process, etc, which make the bio-pharmaceutical enterprises seek for a new innovation mode, and break the boundary of organization and get the innovation resources from the universities, research organizations, SME’s and even the competitors to fill up the vacuity in the knowledge and ability. The bio-pharmaceutical industrial innovation platform (BIO-PHARMACEUTICAL IP) is a useful tool for the players in The bio-pharmaceutical industry to expand the external innovation networks, seek for innovation partners and gain the external knowledge.The key topics in the innovation platform (IP) include the innovation network, R&D collaboration, open innovation and knowledge sharing. Base on the literatures in these areas and in China’s practice of BIO-PHARMACEUTICAL IP, we analysis the contents, functions, operating principles, performance and governance mechanism of BIO-PHARMAEUTICAL IP, by applying the theory study, case study and empirical study. The study find:1. The bio-pharmaceutical industry with "paradigm transferring" needs the IP to serve and accommodate the open innovation in the industry chain. Because of the characters of bio-pharmaceutial R&D, the enterprises involved in all the processes of R&D alone will face the budget pressures, technology difficulties and competitions from the market. The technological bases of bio-pharmaceutical R&D has been changed, and nobody can own all the methods, tools and materials related to the innovation process. The knowledge and technologies scattered in the different players of the industry chain, which leads the bio-pharmaceutial R&D has the obvious open innovation features. The empirical study based on DEA find that not only the lower R&D investment, but also the lower R&D efficiency is the main difficulty of China’s bio-pharmaceutical industry. So, in order to integrate the innovative resources in the industry chain and improve the R&D efficiency, China’s bio-pharmaceutical industry urgently to await the accommodation and service of IP.2. The Bio-pharmaceutical IP’s accommodation to bio-pharmaceutial R&D mainly depends on the tools of Collaborating R&D Partner Developing System, Technology Transferring System and Knowledge Sharing System. It’s basic theory of operation is building a dynamic networks among the different players in the industry chain such as enterprises, academy institutions, intermediaries and governmental organizations, integrating the innovation resources distributed in the different players, and promoting the resources especially the knowledge sharing, R&D collaboration and the technology transferring though the specific tools.3. The operating performance of BIO-PHARMACEUTICAL IP could be measured by two dimensions of service performance and network performance, and will be positively effected by the resources structure, trust, open, governance mechanism and policy environment of the platform. Besides effecting the performance of platform directly, the governance mechanism will adjust the relationship of the resources structure and performance, open level and performance, trust and performance positively. So, the BIO-PHARMACEUTICAL IP shold attract more members with abundant innovative resources and good reputation to improve the resources structure, establish a normal communication mechanism and high-level conference to promote the trust among the platform and it’s members, set up a favorable incentive mechanism to promote the R&D cooperation and knowledge-sharing, establish a supervision mechanism to avoid the IPR infringement in the process of knowledge-sharing.4. As an intermediate organization, Bio-pharmaceutical IP must be challenged by the game of the members in the processes of promoting the knowledge-sharing and R&D cooperation. So, the platform should design a sound governance mechanism for possible opportunistic behavior. The Bio-pharmaceutical IP could make an access mechanism and charge mechanism to adjust the interest of the members in order to encourage more members to enter the knowledge-sharing, and select the common technology with well market prospect and promise the cost-sharing according to the members’potential income from the technology to promote the R&D cooperation.5. As China’s government, should accelerate the reforms of the tax, establish a good IPR laws, strengthen the enforcement of IPR protection. The reform of tax will be reduced the transaction cost of the members’cooperation, and encourage the members to take advantage of external innovative resources through the Bio-pharmaceutical IP. A good IPR laws and enforcement of IPR protection will reduced the cost of the IPR infringement in the cooperation.Compared with the scope of innovation networks, collaborating R&D and open innovation that has been formed relative systematical theory, IP is still an emerging area in the industrial organization. Besides that, the complexity of bio-pharmaceutical innovation also leads there are many theoretical problems and practical difficulties in the application of IP. Therefore, it is an enormous challenge work to research the Bio-pharmaceutical IP. Recognizing this, this article may contribute a little to the area as following:1. Defined the content and functions of the Bio-pharmaceutical IP from the perspective of open innovation. The basic function of the Bio-pharmaceutical IP included establishing, expanding and deepening the innovative networks among the members, serving the open innovation and promoting the integration of innovative resources and R&D cooperation.2. Elaborated three systematical tools accommodating the Bio-pharmaceutical IP operation and their operation principle.3. Evaluated the input-output efficiency of the typical IP of China’s Bio-pharmaceutical industry based on the DEA method, and found that most of them were relatively deficiency.4. Established an assessment indicator system for the performance of the Bio-pharmaceutical IP, and studied the key factors empirically based on the survey data, which will be significant to the operation and governance of China’s Bio-pharmaceutical.5. Expanded the theoretical model of the governance mechanism of the knowledge-sharing and R&D cooperation in the Bio-pharmaceutical IP. The research found, the platform could promote the knowledge-sharing and R&D cooperation among the members by access mechanism, charge mechanism and cost-sharing mechanism.
|
PDF Full Text Request