A Study On The Optimization And Upgrading Of Industrial Structure In National Autonomous Areas

Since the beginning of its reform and opening in 1978, China has made great achievements in social construction and economic development, and it now becomes a vital polar of world economy. As the opening policy and the reform of socialist market economic system are carried on further and deeper, the areas along China’s eastern coast has vigorously undertook the industrial transfer from regions like Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan, and countries in Europe and America, and energetically developed export-driven economy led by processing trade. With the outbreak and spread of subprime financial crisis in America in 2008, China’s economy, especially that in coastal areas, encounters varying degrees of recession. Transforming economic development mode and adjusting economic structure are the preferences in most countries to deal with financial crisis, and this change also makes those developed countries continually adjust their economic policies and investment targets, which brings opportunities and challenges to China’s industrial transfer and undertaking. In the process of the rapid economic development in China, problems like imbalanced economic structure gradually emerge and start to restrict our economic balance and sustainable development. The imbalanced economic structure is chiefly represented by the imbalance of industrial structure. Therefore, when we are developing our economy and adjusting the industrial structure, we should pay special attention to the economic development and adjustment of industrial structure in national autonomous areas.Studies on the undertaking industrial transfer and promoting the optimization and upgrading of industrial structure in national autonomous areas are significant for the capacity construction of undertaking industrial transfer, the optimization and upgrading of industrial structure, economic development and legal safeguard in those areas. On one hand, numerous studies on the theories, types, effects and influential factors about industrial transfer and industrial undertaking have been made by scholars in and out of China, but studies about industrial undertaking in China’s national autonomous areas are fewer, and are not so particular and comprehensive. This dissertation makes an attempt to make a deeper reflection on undertaking industrial transfer in national autonomous areas from the perspective of capacity of undertaking industrial transfer, and provide strategic suggestions and legal guarantee for the undertaking industrial shift and promoting the optimization and upgrading of industrial structure in national autonomous areas, on the foundation of both an analysis of the mechanism of action and routing selection for the undertaking industrial transfer and promoting the optimization and upgrading of industrial structure in national autonomous areas and an empirical study. On the other hand, the studies on the related issues of the undertaking industrial transfer and promoting the optimization and upgrading of industrial structure in national autonomous areas can be beneficial to strengthen the capacity construction of undertaking industrial transfer in national autonomous areas, accelerate the optimization and upgrading of industrial structure in national autonomous areas, improve the economic strength in national autonomous areas, narrow the economic gap between different regions, and make overall planning for harmonious regional development.Undertake the industry transfer of developed areas is one of the important ways to optimize and upgrade industrial structure of the underdeveloped regions. Dominated by the government of a country or region, undertaking industrial transfer refers to one or all of the link of product development, production and sales which is in other countries or regions. It is a series of actions in order to promote national or regional economic development and industrial structure optimization and upgrade. When a country or a region is in the face of some industrial transfer in other countries or regions, power of industrial transfer to undertake refers to the the attractiveness of industrial cohesion of the government, enterprise and society; the discriminability of accurate choice on industry, the braced force of well accepted industry and the development power of fusing and promoting industry, and the comprehensive capacity of further optimizing and improving the level of local industrial structure. The optimization and upgrade of industrial structure refers to the conversion process of the industrial structure system from lower form to higher form. From the point of the content of the optimization and upgrade of industrial structure, its content mainly includes two aspects:one is the improvement of industrial structure; the other is the enhancement of industrial quality and efficiency. From the point of the way of optimization and upgrade of industrial structure, it mainly includes two ways: one is the changes of industrial structure between different industries; second is optimization and upgrade of industrial structure in the same industry.It has certain inherent principle to undertake industrial transfer to promote the optimization and upgrading of industrial structure. Under the condition of economic globalization and market economy, the industrial structure optimization and upgrading have such characteristics as integrity, hierarchy, openness, dynamic, and adaptive. The main influencial factors includ social demand structure, resource supply structure, scientific and technological level, system arrangement and international trade, etc. The connotation of the undertaking capacity of industrial transfer mainly include the attraction of incorporating industry, the identifying ability of choosing industry accurately, the supporting capacity of accepting industry smoothly, and the developing force of integration and promoting industry, which are affected by different factors. In the process of industry transfer and industry undertaking, for those who undertake the industrial transfer, on the one hand, it will promote the optimization and upgrading of industrial structure, through cultivating and promoting the undertaking capacity of industrial transfer, and constantly strengthen the attractiveness of industry transfer, identifying ability, supporting capacity and development; on the other hand, undertaking industrial transfer can lead to such effects as elements accumulation, technological progress and related promotion, which are benefitial to the industry scale expanding, the industrial structure rationalization and height etc., so as to promote the optimization and upgrading of industrial structure.An Analysis of the Path Choice of Undertaking Industry Transfer to Promote Optimization and Upgrade of Industrial Structure in National Autonomous Areas. National autonomous areas have particularity in undertaking industry transfer. They have advantages of labor force, energy and mineral resources. At the same time, they have disadvantages of low level of industrialization, unsound government assessment mechanism, dual obstacle of regional development strategy, a fragile environment, restriction of personnel factors, and so on. They face the advancement of the strategy of western development and acceleration of global industrial transfer and other opportunities. At the same time, they also face competition from other regions, ecological environment protection and the challenge of inadequate experience, etc. When choosing industries, they should select those which adapted to the local resources advantages and economic level, proceeding from local reality and making full use of their own advantages. They should also pay attention to environmental protection and ecological balance, and not undertake eliminated, backward, high energy consumption or high pollution industries. They should undertake industry transfer, optimize and upgrade the industrial structure, considering promoting the technological progress, coordinated development of industrial structure, regional coordinated development, paying attention to ecological environment protection in national autonomous areas.Ningxia, as one of the national autonomous areas in China, is general and representative in undertaking industry transfer and promoting optimization and upgrade of industrial structure of national autonomous areas. In the respect of natural resources, Ningxia has rich agricultural resources, abundant energy and mineral resources, unique cultural tourism resources, etc. From the respect of social economic basis, Ningxia’s economy grows fast, residents’life is greatly improved, the industrial systems coordinate gradually, new industries develop fast, urbanization is strengthened, the level of the third industry development is raised, the market system gradually forms and foreign trade is becoming deep. Ningxia faces unprecedented opportunities in undertaking industry transfer, but it is located in the northwest inland China, the level of economic development lags behind the central provinces and cities relatively. The problems of undertaking industry transfer and promoting optimization and upgrade of industrial structure are:the overall competitiveness of undertaking industry transfer is weak, the government fails to fully guide industries, there is high pressure in the ecological environment and the independent innovation ability is poor. The enlightenment includes:follow the principle of industrial gradient, choose high gradient industries; choose labor-intensive industries appropriately, increase employment opportunities; adhere to the leading role of science and technology, undertake new and high technology industries bravely; promote traditional advantageous industry, create industry clusters; insist on energy conservation and environmental protection, take the path of sustainable development. The research of undertaking industry transfer in Ningxia is representative among national autonomous areas.The obvious objective of optimizing and upgrading the industrial structure in ethnic autonomous regions is, through undertaking the domestic and international industrial transfer in other areas, to promote the development of new industries in the ethnic autonomous regions, to expand both inside and outside opening, to highlight the development of key industries, and finally to foster the economic and social sustainable development of the ethnic autonomous regions. The concrete measures to achieve this goal include: improving the basic conditions in the ethnic autonomous regions, such as improving the infrastructure of the ethnic autonomous regions, and strengthening the social networking; putting into full play the functions of government in ethnic autonomous areas, such as making resolutions for the development of the ethnic autonomous regions, conversing the functions of the national autonomous local government, allocating efficient resources, and improving the market service system; vigorously developing the circular economy, such as giving full play to the role of government, and establishing eco-industrial parks; strengthening the opening of autonomous areas by formulating an opening-up policy that is conducive to the development of ethnic autonomous regions. Besides, there are also some other measures to promote the industrial development and restructuring of the ethnic autonomous regions, such as, through using the undertaking link between industrial clusters, strengthening cooperation among their counterparts in the regions, increasing investment efforts, and enhancing independent innovation capability.To undertake industrial transfer and promote the optimization and upgrading of industrial structure requires a good legal environment. Modern economy should not only follow the operating rules of the market economy, but also be regulated and guided by the rule of law; these rules complement each other, and they are indispensable. The rule of law is a prerequisite to achieve the "rule of law", that is, to act according to the law. A legal system of regional ethnic autonomy has been formed in the ethnic autonomous regions, but it is not perfect; therefore, it is necessary to continue strengthening their legal system. In the process of continuously improving the legal system of the regional ethnic autonomy, we should undertake the industrial transfer as an opportunity to improve the legal system of the economic development autonomy of the ethnic regions, upgrade the industrial structure as the goal to improve the legal system of the three major industries in ethnic autonomous regions, and take sustainable economic development as the goal to improve the other relevant legal system of the ethnic autonomous regions.