Study On The Transfer And Employment Issue Of Rural Labors From The Perspective Of Urbanization

The transfer of rural surplus labors is a major economic and social issue in China, which has recently become a strategic issue concerning national development, since non-agricultural employment concerns the promotion process of industrialization and urbanization, is closely related to achieving agricultural modernization and building a well-off society in all aspects, and meanwhile is a key factor in solving the three issues: agriculture, rural areas and farmers. Rural labor transfer has been increasing. If these transferred rural labors failed to find jobs in urban cities, they would finally return to the rural areas or stay in cities with a lower living standard. Therefore, how to create more job opportunities, achieve harmonious employment and improve the employment of transferred rural labors will be a key to achieving new-type human-oriented urbanization.Based on previous studies both at home and abroad, this dissertation analyzes the current situation of rural surplus labors in our country and from the perspective of new-type urbanization, points out that the process of urbanization and the employment of rural labors are a whole of mutual promotion and restriction. Firstly, this dissertation explains new-type urbanization and the transfer system of rural surplus labors, and with a deep analysis of current situation of surplus labor transfer, it demonstrates employment constraints of rural surplus labors in the process of new-type urbanization. Secondly, it points out that new-type urbanization has provided bright prospects for the employment of transferred rural surplus labors and at the same time presented various challenges as well.This paper analyzes the ideal approach for rural labors to realize employment in local place,that is to come true urbanization in countryside. Finally, learned from international experience in this aspect, this dissertation proposes approaches to and policies for expanding the employment of rural surplus labors. By theoretical and empirical analysis, the study clarifies the relationship between new-type urbanization and the transfer of rural surplus labors. Furthermore, it deeply analyses how new-type urbanization works in creating employment opportunities for rural surplus labors, with the aim of understanding better its meaning and final goal, and at the same working out significant theories and policies that can guide to promote the transfer of rural surplus labors in our country.By the means of the theoretical and empirical study, this thesis has arrived at the conclusion that the development of urbanization is a major way to realize the full employment of rural labors and both are interacted with each other. First, focus on the development as well as the construction of new countryside, promoting the citizenization of rural labors who are capable to work and live in cities and propelling a large number of rural labors transferred in local places or to nearby places. Second, increase employment via urbanization and enhance the density of urban population through combining industry with cities. Third, deepen the rural reform in an all-round way, by view of institutional innovation and scientific progress develop modern agriculture and new agricultural formats and increase the local transfer channels of rural labors. Fourth, cultivate new type professional farmers and strengthen the employability of transferred rural labors, and thus promote urbanization. What’s more, by view of transforming economic development mode, adjust the industrial structure and optimize regional industrial distribution, and support industries and enterprises which take in transferred rural labors. Finally, deepen the innovation of mechanism, gradually eliminate the urbanization cost and narrow down the gap between regions、between urban areas and rural areas in the aspects of fundamental public service and social security level.