Study On The Mechanism And Path Of Community Empowerment In The Development Of Forest Tourism

China is in the strategy of developing eco-forestry and livelihood forestry. Forest tourism has become an important means in the New Forestry Development.In 2011, Ministry of Forestry and Ministry of Tourism reached a cooperation framework agreement, rise forest tourism to a macro strategic level, an important task of ecological civilization, a realization of "Improve Forestry and Wealthy People," a priority areas of green and low-carbon development, and a new growth pole in the development of tourism. Forest tourism development usher in a new period of development. But there are many issues in the rapid development:serious damage in forest tourism resources and ecosystems, imbalance of ecological and cultural, conflict between forest tourism and community development, and so on. These problems have seriously affected the sustainable development of forest tourism. How do forest tourism development? How to coordinate the development of forest tourism and local economic and social? How to achieve a win-win between community residents and forest tourism? These problems get widespread focus of concern. The most important reason is the status and interests of community residents have not been well represented. To achieve sustainable development of forest tourism, we must pay attention to the power of community residents, concern their interest demands, and improve their participation degreement in tourism.Forest tourism resource is rich in the mountains. By the influence of social transformation, community tourism participation is developing, but there are still many problems. Especially in mountainous areas, due to natural, historical reasons, economic backwardness and cultural disadvantaged lead communities to marginalization, lack of interest advocates and rights safeguard. Interest demand of mountain community is the objective requirement in the New Era of forest tourism sustainable development.This study combines power and sustainable development in political science, analysis mechanisms and paths Participatory of Forest Tourism Development Community Empowerment. On the Base of previous universality research, analysis the characteristics of residents in the mountains as the community empowerment objects, the content and direction of participatory community empowerment in the mountain tourism, the characteristics and laws of empowerment perception in the participatory forest tourism, explore the empowerment mechanisms involved in participatory community forest tourism, and made its implementation path, to provide a frame of government reference for forest tourism pro-poor policy and forest tourism development policy.Paper is divided into nine parts.The first part is an introduction, the main contents include:the research background, significance, content, technical route and main features and innovations, etc;The second part discuss the domestic and foreign research, focuses on aspects of forest tourism research, community participation in tourism development, empowerment of community tourism and so on;The fourth part analyzes the characteristics of community residents as the participatory forest tourism community empowerment objects. Pointed out the main features of the residents that the powerlessness of mountain community residents is prominent; the ability and hierarchy level to participate in forest tourism is limited; the core stakeholders in the Power Game is disadvantaged, and then point out the necessity of empowerment in participation community tourism.The fifth part analyzes the content and direction of community empowerment in the development of participatory forest tourism. This section firstly analysis the affecting factors by principal component analysis and empirical research method, and gets eight main factors:NGO support factor, government support factor, involved-in capacity factor, economic driving factors, community support factors, community ownership factor, resource endowment factor, self-development drive factor. Then point out the content and direction of of community empowerment:political empowerment, economic empowerment, psychological empowerment, social empowerment and environmental empowerment and so on.The sixth part analyzes the perception characteristics and laws in the development of participatory forest tourism. Summed up an empowerment perceived value system, and analyzes the characteristics, differences and the relation between participation tourism empowerment and travel behavior by integrated use of models and empirical research, point out:firstly, empowerment perceived is five-dimensional; secondly, participatory behavior has significantly positive correlative with empowerment perception; thirdly, under community-led model, tourism empowerment perceptions of community residents is higher than the government-led; forth, economic empowerment and political empowerment are the most intense factors; fifth, social empowerment and psychological empowerment are overall low sense of perception; sixth, individuals of different gender, age and education fell different of tourism empowerment perception, empowerment work must be undertaken classified according to residents of different attributes.The seventh part builds a empowerment mechanisms for mountain communities in forest tourism development. Discussed the objectives, principles, content composition, mechanism system. Suggest that the source of empowerment contain "outer Empowerment" and "self-empowerment" two aspects. "Outer Empowerment" includes the government’s "decentralization", foreign enterprises’s "none" and NGO’s "oversight" three aspects; "Self-Empowerment" refers to community and community residents’self-development.The eighth part proposed the path and implement of community empowerment. The path include political, organizational, economic, education, information, institutional six aspects. Firstly, the political path is to build a new mountain village governance model with full play to the role of community residents to participate in village organizations Tourism. Second, the organizational path includes the Community recycling community, foster community elite, the establishment of community co-management organizations, play the role of third-party organizations (NGO). Thirdly, economic path includes increasing tourism employment of community residents, establishing community tourism development fund and joint-stock operations model and the like. Fourth, educational path includes strengthening the rural education investment, the mountains vocational and technical education and adult education, the village cultural value education. Fifth, information path promote government information disclosure, standardize village affairs information disclosure, and promote information sharing between businesses and residents. Sixth, the system path is to make land system innovation, to protect the legitimate interests of farmers, to establish fair compensation system of forest occupied, to create an enabling community participation in the village forest protection system, to formation community participation ecological and environmental protection system, etc.Implementation steps of community Empowerment path in participatory forest tourism development include preliminary investigation, problem definition and assessment, target-setting, policy work, work organization and practice assessment. Early collection and collation of data and materials is the basis for the direction of community empowerment and the definition and assessment of tourism issues; focus on the demands of residents in the community tourism development, and strive to balance the interests among government, foreign business and residents, explore the power of community empowerment; the target of empowerment includes overall objective and phased mission objectives, use the total target to determine the phase task; achieve both self-empowerment and the whole community empowerment. Individual empowerment is affected by gender, age, education and other aspects. Empowerment should take classification implementation according to different perceive; mobilize community residents independent participation, play the role of third-party organization, do good communication and coordination; assess a whole empowerment practice. Community Tourism Empowerment assess need both the process assessment and the results assessment. The method of assessment should be both qualitative assessment and quantitative assessment. The contents of the assessment shall also be dynamic.The ninth Part summary and prospect the research. Summarize the contents of the thesis, and point out the shortcomings and future research direction.