The Study Of Community Tourism Empowerment

Urban historic distric is often the admixture of "culture highland" and "economy lowland" and its development is often accompanied by multiple conflicts in which the conflict between protection and development is the most prominent. In ankylosis and conflict the historic distric either was reborn in rolling economic tide or was on its last legs in dilapidated walls, both of which violated the original intention of protection and development and hurt the feelings and interest of community residents to a great extent. In fact, the protection and development isn't irreconcilable and it can get new energy and realize the reforger and evolution of value through organic renewal and tourism development. However, in the practice of community tourism development people always paid attention on the protection of historic streets and the improvement of tourism industry level and ignored the development problems of community, which tended to result in the lack of community participation in tourism, cause various social conflicts and ultimately direct community tourism to non-sustainability. According to the study of the predecessor, there were a lot of reasons for the lack of community participation in which the lack and unbalance of residents'power was the most essential. Accordingly, to improve effectively the development of community participation in historic district, promote the win-win of the protection and development of historic street, and then realize the integrated development of community and tourism, we should straighten the principal status of community residents and empower systematically them to participate in tourism.This study was established in three typical historic districts in Shandong province and adopted qualitative and quantitative analysis method. In this study the author discussed systematically the basic theory of community tourism empowerment, the empowerment status quo, the influential mechanism of community tourism empowerment, the empowerment model, etc. Specifically, the study content and result included mainly the following aspects:(1) Based on literature review, the author discussed the theory of community tourism empowerment. Firstly, tourism empowerment theory is another important analysis angle of community participation in tourism after social exchange theory, social representation theory, the stakeholder theory and so on. Secondly, the author identified and analyzed the political and ideological base, the value base, the social base and theoretical base of community tourism empowerment. Then the author analyzed selectively the empowerment orientation of community participation in tourism and the characteristics of community tourism empowerment in historic district.(2)The empirical analysis:qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis. In qualitative analysis part, the author analyzed mainly the empowerment status quo and the common problems of Jinan Furong Street community, Jinan Qushuiting Street community, Qingdao Jinan Road community and Zhoucun Chang'an community, and then discussed the prepositive influential factors of community tourism empowerment from macro-environment, grass-root organization, community, individual and conflict. In quantitative analysis part, the author analyzed mainly the influential mechanism of community tourism empowerment. The study result indicated that the key former influential variable of for-dimension empowerment was different, and the key former variable of economic, psychological, political and social empowerment was separately community system, individual character, individual resource and population flow. The degree of effect of former variables on four-dimension empowerment were different significantly, thereinto, population had the most effect on social empowerment, public policy, community power, individual resource, resource and interest conflict had the most effect on political empowerment, market economy and community system had the most effect on economic empowerment, and individual character and value and knowledge conflict had the most effect on psychological empowerment. The effect of four-dimension empowerment on the support for community tourism and the well-being of community residents had significant differences, thereinto, economic empowerment, psychological empowerment and political empowerment had the most effect on the support for community tourism, and social empowerment had the most effect on the well-being of community residents.(3)Based on empowerment goal, empowerment accepter, empowerment way, empowerment direction and empowerment content the author created the tourism empowerment model--integrating five aspects into one. This empowerment model had the following characteristics. Firstly, it had some systematicness. It not only involved in the subjectivity of empowerment accepter and the wholeness of empowerment content, but also analyzed the time series of empowerment, the multi direction of empowerment. Secondly, this model had some theoretical height, which on one hand was reflected in the theories it relied on, and on the other hand was reflected in the innovative theoretical viewpoints. Thirdly, this model had stronger guiding sense. The creation of this model was based on local case study and normative empowerment mechanism analysis, so it had stronger theoretical persuasion and practical guiding sense.(4)To provide powerful support and safeguard for the development of community tourism empowerment from substance and spirit, the author put forward the following advices:retaining moderately native residents, quickening the construction of governance platform, impelling community system building, increasing the input of community education and establishing and completing the communication and cooperation mechanism.Based on the above analysis, the author concluded the characteristics of community tourism empowerment. Firstly, community tourism empowerment is a systematic engineering which not only needed the participation and interaction of Stakeholders such as local government, community residents, tourism enterprises, social organizations and tourists, but also expressed stronger the characteristics of staged evolution, that is, the empowerment goal, empowerment content and empowerment intensity were different in different empowerment stages. Secondly, community tourism empowerment was a course which depended on both inner drive and exterior impulse, and the former pointed to self-empowerment and the latter pointed to other-empowerment, thereinto, self-empowerment was the key and core of community tourism empowerment, was the advanced stage of community tourism empowerment and corresponded to community self-government. Thirdly, community tourism empowerment was affected by many factors. The function objects and influential mechanism of these factors were different, but simultaneously these factors blended with each other, which meant that when any factor changed the overall effect of community tourism empowerment would change with different degrees. Fourthly, the accepters of community tourism empowerment had multi-level characteristics and they can't be defined generally in terms of "community", so in empowerment practice we should firstly investigate and divide community residents and then make empowerment design and arrangement according to the characteristics of different community groups. Fifthly, given threefold features of historic district(community settlement, historic heritage and tourism resource), community tourism empowerment in historic district had multiple goals such as the development of community, the protection of historic street and the growth of tourism. At the same time the feature of community settlement had essential determinative sense, so in this study the harmonious development of community and the independence of community residents were regarded as the core goal.Sum up, this study on the basis of empowerment angle on one hand strengthened the persuasion of the theory of community participation in tourism and enriched residents'recognition of power balance and political game, and on the other hand provided basis and path for the integrated and branded development of community and tourism in historic district. This study extended the study objects of community tourism empowerment to urban historic district and added the content of quantitative analysis on the basis of normative theoretical analysis, which enriched the objects and methods of community tourism empowerment studies to a certain extent, added the dependability of study conclusion, and simultaneously provided new study field and study method guidance for subsequent studies.