Research On The Empowerment Of Community Tourism In Pastoral Areas

Grassland pastoral areas are favored by the tourism market because of their unique natural beauty and customs.Developing grassland tourism is regarded as an effective way to drive local economic development.However,in the actual process of tourism development,community participation in tourism has been in a passive state of development.Community residents are often in a weak position in the face of competition from foreign investors and other stakeholders due to their low cultural quality and lack of funds.In addition,due to the particularity of grassland tourism,herdsmen also have to bear the grassland ecological problems caused by large-scale tourism activities,which makes most herdsmen fail to obtain the reciprocal "return" from the booming tourism industry,which kills the enthusiasm of participating in tourism development and is not conducive to the sustainable development of tourism.Therefore,it is necessary to protect the rights and interests of local residents.Community participation is the prerequisite for the sustainable development of tourism in pastoral areas,and the empowerment of community tourism is the effective way to achieve community participation.Taking Luocha Village and Galma Village in Ruoergai County,Sichuan Province as the case study,this paper proposes a tourism empowerment evaluation system with four criteria levels including economic empowerment,psychological empowerment,social empowerment,and institutional empowerment,and 12 specific indicator levels,based on the Scheyvens four-dimensional tourism empowerment framework and the actual development of the case study,The entropy weight method and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method are used to evaluate the empowerment effect of the two case villages.Finally,according to the empowerment evaluation results,the problems existing in the local community tourism empowerment are analyzed,and the empowerment effect of the two different tourism development modes is judged,and on this basis,targeted suggestions are put forward for the further improvement of the community tourism empowerment scheme.The research conclusions of this paper are drawn through the above research steps,mainly including the following aspects:(1)Through the weight calculation of the four empowerment dimensions of the two case villages,it is found that institutional empowerment and economic empowerment have the largest weight.It can be concluded that institutional empowerment and economic empowerment play an important role in the empowerment of community tourism.We should strengthen the importance of community institutional empowerment and economic empowerment in the empowerment practice.(2)According to the calculation,the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation score of community tourism empowerment in Luocha Village is 3.632;The fuzzy comprehensive evaluation score of community tourism empowerment in Galma Village is 3.029.Luocha Village is better than Galma Village.(3)By comparing and analyzing the effects of community tourism empowerment in Galma and Luocha villages,we find that there are common and specific problems.The common problem is that the effect of tourism empowerment in Luocha Village and Galma Village is average,which indicates that most residents are still in the situation of losing their rights.Secondly,it also includes two case villages with low scores in terms of economic empowerment and institutional empowerment,which indicates that we should pay more attention to local economic empowerment and institutional empowerment.The characteristic problem is that the effect of residents’ tourism empowerment is different under different development modes.The effect of community tourism empowerment under collective tourism development mode is better than that under individual management mode.However,there are differences in the effect of empowerment in the specific dimension of empowerment,which is mainly reflected in the acquisition of information and resources,and the size of business scale.Finally,in view of the problems found in the empowerment evaluation results,a more complete community tourism empowerment plan is proposed.It includes the following points: First,innovate the business model and realize economic empowerment;Second,promote institutional construction and realize institutional empowerment;Third,strengthen education and training to realize psychological empowerment;Fourth,strengthen community humanistic care and realize social empowerment.Provide suggestions for the development of community empowerment system of grassland tourism.